效

See also: 効 and 傚

效	U+6548, 效 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6548

← 敇
[U+6547]

CJK Unified Ideographs

敉 →
[U+6549]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

效 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜大人大 (YKOK), four-corner 0844₀, composition ⿰交攵)

Derived characters

傚滧

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 470, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13186

Dae Jaweon: page 820, character 26

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1457, character 11

Unihan data for U+6548

Chinese

simp. and trad.		效

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
烄	keːws, kreːwʔ
礮	*pʰreːws
交	*kreːw
郊	*kreːw
茭	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟	*kreːw
鮫	*kreːw
鵁	*kreːw
咬	kreːw, ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨	kreːw, qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞	*kreːwʔ
狡	*kreːwʔ
姣	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
筊	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
校	kreːws, ɡreːws
珓	*kreːws
跤	*kʰreːw
頝	*kʰreːw
骹	*kʰraːw
齩	*ŋɡreːwʔ
洨	*ɡreːw
胶	*ɡreːw
效	*ɡreːws
効	*ɡreːws
傚	*ɡreːws
皎	*keːwʔ
恔	*keːwʔ
晈	*keːwʔ
窔	*qeːws
駮	*pqreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːws) : phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw) + semantic 攵 (“to strike; action”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiào (xiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haau⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): háu

(Meixian, Guangdong): hau⁴
Northern Min (KCR): hāu
Eastern Min (BUC): hâu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hāu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hao⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siào
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao⁴
  - Yale: syàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaw
  - Palladius: сяо (sjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haau⁶
  - Yale: haauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hao⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: háu
  - Hakka Romanization System: hau`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hau³
  - Sinological IPA: /hau̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hau⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xau⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāu
  - Tâi-lô: hāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hau²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hau³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hau⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hao⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hau¹¹/

Middle Chinese: haewH

Rime
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡敎切
Baxter	haewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/ɣau^H/
Wang Li	/ɣau^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[k]ˤraw-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ hæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[k]ˁraw-s/
English	imitate, follow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
No.	6329
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	效
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːws/

Definitions

效

Compounds

上行下效 (shàngxíngxiàxiào)
不效
以儆效尤 (yǐjǐngxiàoyóu)
以觀後效／以观后效
仿效 (fǎngxiào)
倣效／仿效 (fǎngxiào)
光電效應／光电效应 (guāngdiàn xiàoyìng)
功效 (gōngxiào)
功效如神
卓有成效 (zhuóyǒuchéngxiào)
反效果 (fǎnxiàoguǒ)
報效／报效 (bàoxiào)
壓電效應／压电效应
大蒜效應／大蒜效应
失效 (shīxiào)
奏效 (zòuxiào)
實效／实效 (shíxiào)
工效 (gōngxiào)
後效／后效 (hòuxiào)
慕效
成效 (chéngxiào)
投效 (tóuxiào)
收效 (shōuxiào)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
效力 (xiàolì)
效勞／效劳 (xiàoláo)
效命 (xiàomìng)
效尤 (xiàoyóu)
效忠 (xiàozhōng)
效應／效应 (xiàoyìng)
效應器／效应器
效果 (xiàoguǒ)
效果不彰
效死 (xiàosǐ)
效法 (xiàofǎ)
效率 (xiàolǜ)
效用 (xiàoyòng)
效益 (xiàoyì)
效能 (xiàonéng)
效誠／效诚
效顰／效颦 (xiàopín)
效顰學步／效颦学步
效驗／效验 (xiàoyàn)
明效大驗／明效大验
時效／时效 (shíxiào)
月暈效應／月晕效应
有效 (yǒuxiào)
有效射程 (yǒuxiào shèchéng)
有效數字／有效数字 (yǒuxiào shùzì)
有效期 (yǒuxiàoqī)
有效距離／有效距离
有效電阻／有效电阻
東家效顰／东家效颦
東施效顰／东施效颦 (dōngshīxiàopín)
模效
機械效率／机械效率
殊效
消滅時效／消灭时效
溫室效應／温室效应 (wēnshì xiàoyìng)
無效／无效 (wúxiào)
熱島效應／热岛效应 (rèdǎo xiàoyìng)
特效 (tèxiào)
特效藥／特效药 (tèxiàoyào)
特殊效果 (tèshū xiàoguǒ)
生效 (shēngxiào)
當選無效／当选无效
療效／疗效 (liáoxiào)
百治百效
直效行銷／直效行销
砭石無效／砭石无效
神效 (shénxiào)
立功自效
立效
競相效尤／竞相效尤
累彰勛效／累彰勋效
績效／绩效 (jìxiào)
績效不彰／绩效不彰
績效斐然／绩效斐然
群起效尤
能源效益
臨危效命／临危效命
藥效／药效 (yàoxiào)
藥石罔效／药石罔效 (yàoshíwǎngxiào)
行之有效 (xíngzhīyǒuxiào)
行政效率
見效／见效 (jiànxiào)
起而效尤
速效肥料
週末效應／周末效应
遲效肥料／迟效肥料
邊際效用／边际效用
醜女效顰／丑女效颦
靈效／灵效
音效 (yīnxiào)
音效卡
音響效果／音响效果
驅蟲效率／驱虫效率

Japanese

Shinjitai	効
Kyūjitai	效

Kanji

效

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 効)

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Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: きく (kiku, 效く); ならう (narau, 效う); いたす (itasu, 效す)

Korean

Hanja

效 (eumhun 본받을 효 (bonbadeul hyo))

Hanja form^? of 효 (“effect”).

Compounds

효과 (效果, hyogwa, “effect”)

Vietnamese

Han character

效: Hán Nôm readings: hiệu

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