投降主義

Chinese

		to surrender; to capitulate; to submit to surrender; to capitulate; to submit; to give in; to yield	doctrine; ideology; -ism doctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance
trad. (投降主義)		投降	主義
simp. (投降主义)		投降	主义

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tóuxiáng zhǔyì

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tau⁴ hong⁴ zyu² ji⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóuxiáng zhǔyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóusiáng jhǔyì
  - Wade–Giles: tʻou²-hsiang² chu³-i⁴
  - Yale: tóu-syáng jǔ-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourshyang juuyih
  - Palladius: тоусян чжуи (tousjan čžui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tau⁴ hong⁴ zyu² ji⁶
  - Yale: tàuh hòhng jyú yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tau⁴ hong⁴ dzy² ji⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: teo⁴ hong⁴ ju² yi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ hɔːŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

Noun

投降主義

capitulationism
- 投降主義根源於民族失敗主義，即民族悲觀主義，這種悲觀主義認為中國在打了敗仗之後再也無力抗日。 [MSC, trad.]
  投降主义根源于民族失败主义，即民族悲观主义，这种悲观主义认为中国在打了败仗之后再也无力抗日。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《和英國記者貝特蘭的談話》 (Interview with the British Journalist James Bertram), 《毛澤東選集》 (Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung), English translation based on the Foreign Language Press edition
  Tóuxiáng zhǔyì gēnyuán yú mínzú shībài zhǔyì, jí mínzú bēiguān zhǔyì, zhè zhǒng bēiguān zhǔyì rènwéi Zhōngguó zài dǎ le bàizhàng zhīhòu zài yě wúlì kàngrì. [Pinyin]
  Capitulationism has its roots in national defeatism or national pessimism, that is, in the idea that having lost some battles, China has no strength left to fight Japan.

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