徐

徐	U+5F90, 徐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F90

← 徏
[U+5F8F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

徑 →
[U+5F91]

Translingual

Han character

徐 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人一木 (HOOMD), four-corner 2829₄, composition ⿰彳余)

Derived characters

𡲰𣻄𣉹𪹘𬁊𭞃蒣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10110
Dae Jaweon: page 690, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 825, character 14
Unihan data for U+5F90

Chinese

simp. and trad.		徐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 徐
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斜	lja, laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	rlaː, ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	rlaː, l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	rlaː, l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	hljaː, la
舍	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	l̥ʰaː, l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	l'aː, la
涂	l'aː, l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	l'aː, l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	l'a, l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	ɦlja, la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lja) : semantic 彳 (“walk slowly”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xú (xu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tui³
Gan (Wiktionary): qy²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhì

(Meixian, Guangdong): qi²
Jin (Wiktionary): xy¹
Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̌
Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̀
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhî / sû / sîr / sî

(Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zhi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syú
  - Wade–Giles: hsü²
  - Yale: syú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceoi⁴
  - Yale: chèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qy²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xy¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhî
  - Tâi-lô: tshî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
  - Tâi-lô: sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîr
  - Tâi-lô: sîr
  - IPA (Lukang): /sɨ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Kinmen): /sɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî
  - Tâi-lô: sî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sii
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /si²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si¹³/

Note:

Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- chhî - vernacular (including surname);
- sû/sî - literary.
Quanzhou:
- chhî - vernacular;
- sîr - literary (including surname).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ce⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi
  - MiniDict: zhi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: si²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 徐
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕy²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕy⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕy⁴²/
	Qingdao	/sy⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/sy⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕy²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰy²⁴/
	Hefei	/sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕy¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕy¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕy³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/zi¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/si¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕy¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰi¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰi¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰøy²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰy²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰøy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su³⁵/ /t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sy⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sy²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/si³¹/

Middle Chinese: zjo

Rime
Character	徐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似魚切
Baxter	zjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ziɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ziɔ/
Wang Li	/zĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.la/

(Zhengzhang): /*lja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	徐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xú
Middle Chinese	‹ zjo ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.la/
English	walk slowly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	徐
Reading #	1/1
No.	15782
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	徐
Old Chinese	/*lja/

Definitions

徐

slowly; quietly; calmly
composed; poised
Short for 徐州 (Xúzhōu, “Xuzhou”).
a surname
徐霞客 ― Xú Xiákè ― Xu Xiake (Ming dynasty travel writer)

Compounds

不疾不徐
于徐
半老徐娘 (bànlǎoxúniáng)
城北徐公
執徐／执徐
巴徐 (Bāxú)
徐劉／徐刘 (Xúliú)
徐古 (Xúgǔ)
徐周 (Xúzhōu)
徐墩 (Xúdūn)
徐娘 (xúniáng)
徐娘半老 (xúniángbànlǎo)
徐家 (Xújiā)
徐家山 (Xújiāshān)
徐家棚 (Xújiāpéng)
徐州 (Xúzhōu)
徐庾體／徐庾体
徐徐 (xúxú)
徐樓／徐楼 (Xúlóu)
徐橋／徐桥 (Xúqiáo)
徐步 (xúbù)
徐母罵曹／徐母骂曹
徐穉置芻／徐穉置刍
徐緩／徐缓
徐行 (xúxíng)
徐風／徐风
徐黃／徐黄 (Xúhuáng)
清風徐來／清风徐来
紆徐／纡徐
緩步徐行／缓步徐行
舒徐
虛徐／虚徐
高徐 (Gāoxú)

Descendants

→ English: Xu, Hsu, Chui, Tsui, Zee, Chee

Japanese

Kanji

徐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

slow, gradual

Readings

Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しょ (sho)
Kun: おもむろ (omomuro, 徐ろ); おもむろに (omomuro ni, 徐ろに); おそい (osoi, 徐い)

Derived terms

徐(じょ)々(じょ) (jojo, “slowly”)
徐(じょ)行(こう) (jokō, “go slowly”)
徐(おもむろ)に (omomuro ni, “slowly”)

Korean

Hanja

徐 (eumhun 천천히 서 (cheoncheonhi seo))

slow
a surname

Vietnamese

Han character

徐: Hán Nôm readings: từ

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