弦

See also: 絃
弦 U+5F26, 弦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F26
← 弥
[U+5F25] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弧 →
[U+5F27]

Translingual

Han character

弦 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓卜女戈 (NYVI), four-corner 10232, composition ⿰弓玄)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 357, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9754
  • Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 993, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5F26

Chinese
trad. 弦/絃*
simp. 弦
alternative forms ⿰弓𤣥
𢎺
𢏸

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (玄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
弦 *ɡeːn
絃 *ɡeːn, *qʰʷeːn
舷 *ɡeːn
痃 *ɡeːn
胘 *ɡeːn, *ɡʷeːn
蚿 *ɡeːn
伭 *ɡeːn
婱 *ɡeːn
玄 *ɡʷeːn
眩 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn
玹 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn
玆 *ɡʷeːn
詃 *kʷeːn
泫 *ɡʷeːn
鉉 *ɡʷeːn
炫 *ɡʷeːn
袨 *ɡʷeːn
衒 *ɡʷeːn
惤 *ɡʷreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Pronunciation

Note: jyun4 - variant.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 弦
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕyã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyan⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ 彈～子
/ɕyɛ̃n⁵³/ 續～
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyan³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕyen²⁴/
Hefei /ɕyĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕye¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕye̞¹³/
Hohhot /ɕye³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ji³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵn⁴⁵/ 三～
Hakka Meixian /hian¹¹/
Taoyuan /hien¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jin²¹/
Nanning /jin²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hian³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hin³¹/
/i³¹/
Rime
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡田切
Baxter hen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦen/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦen/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦɛn/
Li
Rong		 /ɣen/
Wang
Li		 /ɣien/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xián
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hen ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ˁi[n]/
English string of bow or instrument

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弦
Reading # 1/1
No. 14020
Phonetic
component		 玄
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 賢
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡeːn/

Definitions

弦

  1. string; bowstring
  2. crescent
  3. spring of a clock
  4. (music) string on a musical instrument
  5. (music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments
  6. (mathematics) chord
  7. (geometry) hypotenuse
  8. (figurative) wife
  9. a surname

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
弦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. bowstring
  2. (geometry) chord

Readings

Compounds

Coordinate terms

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
弦
げん
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

    Noun

    弦(げん) • (gen) 

    1. (music) string of a stringed instrument

    Etymology 2
    Kanji in this term
    弦
    つる
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation

      Noun

      弦(つる) • (tsuru) 

      1. a bowstring
        Synonym: 弓弦
      2. (music) the string of an instrument
      3. the bow-shaped handle of a pot or teapot
      Derived terms
      • 弦巻(つるまき) (tsurumaki)
      • 弦袋(つるぶくろ) (tsurubukuro)

      References
      1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
      2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

      Korean

      Hanja

      弦 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)

      1. bowstring

      Vietnamese

      Han character

      弦: Hán Nôm readings: huyền

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