弓弦

Chinese

		a bow (weapon)	bow string; string of mus. instr.
simp. and trad. (弓弦)		弓	弦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gōngxián

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄒㄧㄢˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гунщян (gunxi͡an, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ jin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngxián
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongsián
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-hsien²
  - Yale: gūng-syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongshyan
  - Palladius: гунсянь (gunsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунщян (gunxi͡an, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ²⁴ ɕiæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ jin⁴
  - Yale: gūng yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

Noun

弓弦

bowstring

Japanese

弓弦 (yuzuru, yumizuru, yunzuru): a traditional Japanese bowstring and 弦巻 (tsurumaki, “woven bowstring winder”).

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
弓	弦
ゆ Grade: 2	つる > づる Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 弓 (yu, “bow”) +‎ 弦 (tsuru, “string, line”).[1] The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Probably the original reading, given the etymology of the yu and yumi readings for 弓.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆづる [yúꜜzùrù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
(Tokyo) ゆづる [yùzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

IPA^(key): [jɯ̃ᵝd͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆ)弦(づる) • (yuzuru)

a bowstring
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2638:
  ; text here
  梓弓末之腹野尓鷹田為君之弓食之将絶跡念甕屋
  梓弓末のはら野に鳥狩する君が弓弦の絶えむと思へや
  あづさゆみすゑのはらのにとがりするきみがゆづるのたえむとおもへや
  
  Azusa yumi / sue no harano ni / togari suru / kimi ga yuzuru no / taemu to omoe ya
  Think about your bowstring snapping as you go off hunting birds in the far fields with your catalpa bow

Idioms

Idioms

弓弦を鳴らす (ゆづるをならす, yuzuru o narasu): “to make the bowstring sing” → to strum or thrum a bowstring, done to ward off evil

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
弓	弦
ゆみ Grade: 2	つる > づる Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 弓 (yumi, “bow”) +‎ 弦 (tsuru, “string, line”).[1] The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Probably a later reading, given the etymology of the yu and yumi readings for 弓.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆみづる [yùmízúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝmʲizɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

IPA^(key): [jɯ̃ᵝmid͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆみ)弦(づる) • (yumizuru)

a bowstring

Derived terms

Derived terms

弓弦打(ゆみづるう)ち (yumizuru uchi), 弓弦打(ゆみづるうち) (yumizuru uchi): striking or strumming a bowstring, done to ward off evil
弓弦師(ゆみづるし) (yumizurushi): a master maker of bowstrings
弓弦袋(ゆみづるぶくろ) (yumizurubukuro): a pouch for a spare bowstring

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
弓	弦
ゆみ > ゆん Grade: 2	つる > づる Grade: S
kun’yomi

/jumizuru/ → /junzuru/

Alteration from yumizuru reading.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆんづる [yùńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟̃ᵝnd͡zɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

IPA^(key): [jɯ̃ᵝɴd͡zɯᵝɾ̠ɯᵝ] (dialectal pronunciation)

Noun

弓(ゆん)弦(づる) • (yunzuru)

a bowstring

References

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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