四維

Chinese

		four	to preserve; to maintain; to hold together to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension
trad. (四維)		四	維
simp. (四维)		四	维

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sìwéi

(Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sei³ wai⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-vì
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sù-ûi

(Teochew, Peng'im): si³ rui⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sìwéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sìhwéi
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴-wei²
  - Yale: sz̀-wéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhwei
  - Palladius: сывэй (syvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    四圍／四围
    四維／四维
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sei³ wai⁴
  - Yale: sei wàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sei³ wai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: séi³ wei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sei̯³³ wɐi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-vì
  - Hakka Romanization System: xi viˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xi⁴ vi²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕi⁵⁵ vi¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-ûi
  - Tâi-lô: sù-uî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suo'uii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ ui²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: si³ rui⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì jûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zui⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: sijH ywij

Rime
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息利切	以追切
Baxter	sijH	ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪ^H/	/jiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/si^H/	/jʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɪ^H/	/juɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/si^H/	/jwi/
Li Rong	/si^H/	/ui/
Wang Li	/si^H/	/jwi/
Bernard Karlgren	/si^H/	/wi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si³	wai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s ɢʷij/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljids ɢʷi/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sì	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ sij^H ›	‹ ywij ›
Old Chinese	/*s.li[j]-s/	/ɢʷij/ (? < ɢʷuj)
English	four	rope for tying
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12022	12852
Phonetic component	四	唯
Rime group	至	脂
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	四	惟
Old Chinese	/*hljids/	/*ɢʷi/

Noun

四維

the four social bonds (propriety, justice, integrity, and honour)
- 四維不張，國乃滅亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  四维不张，国乃灭亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE
  Sìwéi bùzhāng, guónǎi mièwáng. [Pinyin]
  When the Four Social Bonds are not implemented, a country is doomed to destruction.
(literary) the southeastern, southwestern, northeastern and northwestern corners
(literary, by extension) the four directions; all directions

See also

禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)

Adjective

四維

(attributive) four-dimensional

Derived terms

四維彩超／四维彩超

Japanese

Kanji in this term
四	維
し Grade: 1	い Grade: S
on’yomi	kan’on

Noun

四(し)維(い) • (shī)

the four ordinal directions
Coordinate terms: 乾, 坤, 艮, 巽
the four principles for the state
Coordinate terms: 礼, 義, 廉, 恥

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