周密

Chinese

		encircle; circuit; complete encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful	secret; confidential; close secret; confidential; close; thick; dense
trad. (周密)		周	密
simp. ^#(周密)		周	密

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōumì

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡㄇㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹ mat⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû-me̍t
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiu-bi̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹ mêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōumì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡㄇㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhoumì
  - Wade–Giles: chou¹-mi⁴
  - Yale: jōu-mì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joumih
  - Palladius: чжоуми (čžoumi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zau¹ mat⁶
  - Yale: jāu maht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹ mat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû-me̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu´ med
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹ med⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ met̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu-bi̍t
  - Tâi-lô: tsiu-bi̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciu'bit
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³ bit̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziu¹ mêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu me̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³⁻²³ mek̚⁴/

Note: ziu1 mêg8 - Jieyang.

Middle Chinese: tsyuw mit

Rime
Character	周	密
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	眞 (49)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	職流切	美畢切
Baxter	tsyuw	mit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/	/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/	/mᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/	/miet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/	/mjit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/	/mjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/	/mĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/	/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau¹	mat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tiw mri[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw mriɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	周	密
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu	mì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›	‹ mit ›
Old Chinese	/*tiw/	/*mri[t]/
English	cycle; all around	dense
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	周	密
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17531	591
Phonetic component	周	必
Rime group	幽	質
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	周	密
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/	/*mriɡ/
Notes	甲金文象田間稼密，爲稠初文

Adjective

周密

thorough; meticulous; careful
周密的計劃／周密的计划 ― zhōumì de jìhuà ― careful planning
- 其知慮多當矣，而未周密也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其知虑多当矣，而未周密也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Qí zhīlǜ duō dàng yǐ, ér wèi zhōumì yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(literary, of dealings) intimate; close

Synonyms

(thorough):

周到 (zhōudào)
嚴密／严密 (yánmì)
審／审 (shěn) (literary, or in compounds)
細密／细密 (xìmì)
細緻／细致 (xìzhì)
綿密／绵密 (miánmì) (of speech, writing, etc.)
縝密／缜密 (zhěnmì)
過細／过细 (guòxì)

(intimate):

同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
密切 (mìqiè)
接近 (jiējìn)
火熱／火热 (huǒrè)
熱和／热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
知心 (zhīxīn)
緊密／紧密 (jǐnmì)
親切／亲切 (qīnqiè)
親善／亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
親密／亲密 (qīnmì)
親熱／亲热 (qīnrè)
親近／亲近 (qīnjìn)
貼己／贴己 (tiējǐ)
貼身／贴身 (tiēshēn)
近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
過心／过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
體己／体己

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “thorough”):

不周 (bùzhōu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (周密):

→ Japanese: 周密(しゅうみつ) (shūmitsu)
→ Korean: 주밀(周密) (jumil)

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