| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼霸切 | 是征切 |
| Baxter | xwaeH | dzyeng |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hˠuaH/ | /d͡ʑiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷᵚaH/ | /d͡ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xuaH/ | /d͡ʑiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hwaɨH/ | /d͡ʑiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/xuaH/ | /ʑiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/xwaH/ | /ʑĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xwaH/ | /ʑi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huà | chéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
faa3 | sing4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huà | chéng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xwæH › | ‹ dzyeng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/ | /*m-[d]eŋ/ |
| English | transform | to complete (tr. v) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 化 | 成 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5327 | 1417 |
| Phonetic component |
化 | 成 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
化 | 成 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hŋʷraːls/ | /*djeŋ/ |
| Notes | 說文丁聲，甲文戌下一豎， 或表戈已製成 | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 成 |
| か Grade: 3 |
せい Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi | |