出恭
Chinese
to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas) |
respectful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (出恭) |
出 | 恭 | |
Etymology
From an anti-cheating strategy in the Imperial Examination in ancient China, where candidates were required to hold a card written with the phrase 出恭入敬 (chūgōngrùjìng, “leaving and entering [the examination site] respectfully”) when going to toilet during the examination and return it when they were back so as to prevent them from leaving using such excuse (see 出 (chū), 入 (rù), and 恭敬 (gōngjìng) for detailed meaning).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 上廁所 (“to go to the toilet”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 如廁, 上廁所, 出恭 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 上廁所 |
| Harbin | 上外頭 | |
| Singapore | 上廁所 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 去廁所, 去洗手間 |
| Hong Kong | 去廁所, 去洗手間, 去toilet | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 喊悶 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 去廁所, 去洗手間, 去toilet, 去屎坑 rare, 出恭 rare | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 去廁所 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 去廁所 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 去便所 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 去便所 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 去便所 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 去便所 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 去便所 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 去便所 | |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 去染蠻 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 去世界盃 |
Dialectal synonyms of 拉屎 (“to defecate”) [map]
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