不得

Chinese

		not; no	get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to
simp. and trad. (不得)		不	得

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bùdé

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-tek / put-tiak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²
  - Yale: bù-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹
  - Yale: bāt dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet
  - Hakka Romanization System: bud` ded`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek
  - Tâi-lô: put-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak
  - Tâi-lô: put-tiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: putdiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tok

Rime
Character	不	不	不	得
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	物 (60)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	I
Fanqie	甫鳩切	方久切	分勿切	多則切
Baxter	pjuw	pjuwX	pjut	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu/	/pɨu^X/	/pɨut̚/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piut̚/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu/	/piəu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw/	/puw^X/	/put̚/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/piu/	/piu^X/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/pĭəu/	/pĭəu^X/	/pĭuət̚/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u/	/pi̯ə̯u^X/	/pi̯uət̚/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fōu	fǒu	fu	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau¹	fau²	fat¹	dak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə tˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	不	得
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*pə/	/*tˁək/
English	not	obtain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	不	不	不	得
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
No.	1025	1029	1048	2165
Phonetic component	不	不	不	得
Rime group	之	之	物	職
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	不	缶	弗	德
Old Chinese	/*pɯ/	/*pɯʔ/	/*pɯ'/	/*tɯːɡ/
Notes		象花柎與本同源	中古才促化

Verb

不得

(auxiliary) must not; should not; not be allowed
不得亂扔垃圾。／不得乱扔垃圾。 ― Bùdé luàn rēng lājī. ― No littering.

不得隨地吐痰。 [MSC, trad.]
不得随地吐痰。 [MSC, simp.]
Bùdé suídì tǔtán. [Pinyin]
No spitting.

不得躺臥。／不得躺卧。 ― Bùdé tǎngwò. ― No lying down here.

未成年人不得入內。 [MSC, trad.]
未成年人不得入内。 [MSC, simp.]
Wèichéngniánrén bùdé rùnèi. [Pinyin]
Admittance for adults only.

非緊急情況不得停留。 [MSC, trad.]
非紧急情况不得停留。 [MSC, simp.]
Fēi jǐnjí qíngkuàng bùdé tíngliú. [Pinyin]
Emergency stop only.
to not receive
很多工人都是終日勞作卻不得溫飽。 [MSC, trad.]
很多工人都是终日劳作却不得温饱。 [MSC, simp.]
Hěn duō gōngrén dōu shì zhōngrì láozuò què bùdé wēnbǎo. [Pinyin]
Many workers work all day without being able to meet their basic needs for living.
- 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǎotiǎo shūnǚ, wùmèi qiú zhī. Qiú zhī bùdé, wùmèi sīfú. [Pinyin]
  The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady:
  Waking and sleeping, he sought her.
  He sought her and found her not,
  And waking and sleeping he thought about her.

Synonyms

(must not): (literary) 不容 (bùróng)

Derived terms

不得不 (bùdébù)
不得了 (bùdéliǎo)
不得人心 (bùdérénxīn)
不得已 (bùdéyǐ)
不得而知 (bùdé'érzhī)
哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
永世不得翻身 (yǒngshì bùdé fānshēn)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bude, bùde, bùdé, budé

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ, ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ, ˙ㄅㄨㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bude
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨ ˙ㄉㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bůde̊
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁵-tê⁵
  - Yale: bu-de
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥u d̥ə¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùde
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ˙ㄉㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùde̊
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê⁵
  - Yale: bù-de
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu.de
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ d̥ə¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bùdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bùdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²
  - Yale: bù-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: budé
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄅㄨㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bůdé
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁵-tê²
  - Yale: bu-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buder
  - Palladius: будэ (budɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥u tɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹
  - Yale: bāt dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

Verb

不得

complement placed after a verb to express impossibility or inability; cannot; be unable to

Derived terms

不得其門而入／不得其门而入 (bùdé qí mén ér rù)
使不得
做不得
動彈不得／动弹不得
受不得
巴不得
怪不得 (guàibude)
恨不得 (hènbude)
求生不得，求死不能 (qiúshēng bùdé, qiúsǐ bùnéng)
看不得 (kànbudé)
顧不得／顾不得

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