पुरुष

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरुष (puruṣa).

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pʊ.ɾʊʂ/, [pʊ.ɾʊʃ]

पुरुष • (puruṣ) m (Urdu spelling پرش)

1. man, male

   Synonyms: मर्द (mard), आदमी (ādmī)

   Antonym: स्त्री (strī)

   यह स्नानघर केवल पुरुषों के लिए है।

   yah snānghar keval puruṣõ ke lie hai.

   This bathroom is for men only.

   पुरुष की तरह लड़ो! ― puruṣ kī tarah laṛo! ― Fight like a man!

2. person

   Synonyms: मर्द (mard), आदमी (ādmī); see also Thesaurus:मनुष्य

   अनेक पुरुष भवन के बाहर हैं।

   anek puruṣ bhavan ke bāhar ha͠i.

   Many people are outside the building.

• तत्पुरुष (tatpuruṣ)

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पुरुष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुरुष (púruṣa). Compare Old Marathi 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa).

• IPA^(key): /pu.ɾuʂ/, [pu.ɾuːʂ]

पुरुष • (puruṣ) m

1. man, male
2. person

• Berntsen, Maxine, “पुरुष”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुरुष”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “पुरुष”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

• पूरुष (pū́ruṣa)

An alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).[1]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pú.ɾu.ʂɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpu.ɾu.ʂɐ/

पुरुष • (púruṣa) stem, m

1. man, male, human being
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.165.3:

     हेतिः पक्षिणी न दभात्यस्मानाष्ट्र्यां पदं कृणुते अग्निधाने ।
     शं नो गोभ्यश्च पुरुषेभ्यश्चास्तु मा नो हिंसीदिह देवाः कपोतः ॥

     hetiḥ pakṣiṇī na dabhātyasmānāṣṭryāṃ padaṃ kṛṇute agnidhāne.
     śaṃ no gobhyaśca puruṣebhyaścāstu mā no hiṃsīdiha devāḥ kapotaḥ.

     Let not the winged Arrow distract us: beside the fire-place, on the hearth it settles.
     May, it bring welfare to our men and cattle: here let the Dove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us.

2. person, officer, functionary, attendant, servant
3. (Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.90.1:

     स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात्।
     स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम्॥

     sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
     sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám.

     Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet, investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha:
    • Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ
    • Latin script: púruṣ
• Prakrits:
  • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (purisa)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Punjabi:
      • Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)
      • Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)
• Hindustani:
  • Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)
  • Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)
• → Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)
• → Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)
• → Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)
• → Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)
• → Urdu: پرش (puruś)
• → Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)
• → Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)
• → Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)
• → Old Marathi:

  Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

  Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

  • → Marathi: पुरुष (puruṣ)
• → Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)
• → Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)
• → Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)
• → Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

• “पु॑रुष” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 321, column 1.