धारा

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱɑː.ɾɑː/, [d̪ʱäː.ɾäː]

Noun

धारा • (dhārā) f

  1. stream, current, flow
    Synonym: प्रवाह (pravāh)
    विद्युत धारा ― vidyut dhārā ― electrical current
  2. waterfall
    धारा में नहाने में बहुत मज़ा आता है।
    dhārā mẽ nahāne mẽ bahut mazā ātā hai.
    It is very fun to bathe in a waterfall.
  3. (law) section

Declension
Declension of धारा (fem ā-stem)
singular plural
direct धारा
dhārā		 धाराएँ
dhārāẽ
oblique धारा
dhārā		 धाराओं
dhārāõ
vocative धारा
dhārā		 धाराओ
dhārāo

Derived terms
  • उपधारा (updhārā)
  • धाराप्रवाह (dhārāpravāh)
  • धाराप्रवाही (dhārāpravāhī)
  • धारायंत्र (dhārāyantra)
  • धारावाहिक (dhārāvāhik)
  • धारावाहिकता (dhārāvāhiktā)
  • धारावाही (dhārāvāhī)
  • धारासार (dhārāsār)

References

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • dhārā (Latin script)
  • 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ধারা (Bengali script)
  • ධාරා (Sinhalese script)
  • ဓာရာ or ꩪႃရႃ (Burmese script)
  • ธารา (Thai script)
  • ᨵᩤᩁᩣ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຘາຣາ (Lao script)
  • ធារា (Khmer script)
  • 𑄙𑄂𑄢𑄂 (Chakma script)

Noun

धारा f

  1. Devanagari script form of dhārā (“torrent”)
  2. Devanagari script form of dhārā (“edge of a weapon”)

Declension
Declension table of "धारा" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)धारा (dhārā)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)
Accusative (second)धारं (dhāraṃ)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)
Instrumental (third)धाराय (dhārāya)धाराहि (dhārāhi) or धाराभि (dhārābhi)
Dative (fourth)धाराय (dhārāya)धारानं (dhārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)धाराय (dhārāya)धाराहि (dhārāhi) or धाराभि (dhārābhi)
Genitive (sixth)धाराय (dhārāya)धारानं (dhārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)धाराय (dhārāya) or धारायं (dhārāyaṃ)धारासु (dhārāsu)
Vocative (calling)धारे (dhāre)धारायो (dhārāyo) or धारा (dhārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ধাৰা (Assamese script)
  • ᬥᬵᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
  • ধারা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰠𑰯𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ဓာရာ (Burmese script)
  • ધારા (Gujarati script)
  • ਧਾਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌧𑌾𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦣꦴꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂡𑂰𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಧಾರಾ (Kannada script)
  • ធារា (Khmer script)
  • ຘາຣາ (Lao script)
  • ധാരാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᢡᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘠𑘰𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᢑᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧀𑧑𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଧାରା (Odia script)
  • ꢤꢵꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆣𑆳𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖠𑖯𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • ධාරා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩮𑩛𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚜𑚭𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
  • த⁴ாரா (Tamil script)
  • ధారా (Telugu script)
  • ธารา (Thai script)
  • དྷཱ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒡𑒰𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨜𑨊𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā), Old English daru (whence English dere). Compare also English dart, ultimately from Frankish *darōþu.

An alternative theory espoused by Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰṇh₂-reh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion, flow”) and thus cognate to धन् (dhan, “to move, run”).[1][2]

Possibly related to Persian درد (dord, “dregs”).[3]

Noun

धारा • (dhā́rā) stem, f [4][5]

  1. stream or current of water
  2. flood, gush, jet, drop (of any liquid), shower, rain (also figuratively of arrows, flowers, etc.)
  3. current, torrent
  4. a leak or hole in a pitcher etc.
  5. the pace of horse
  6. uniformity, sameness (as of flowing water)
  7. custom, usage
  8. continuous line or series
  9. (figuratively) family line
Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of धारा (dhā́rā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative धारा
dhā́rā		 धारे
dhā́re		 धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Vocative धारे
dhā́re		 धारे
dhā́re		 धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Accusative धाराम्
dhā́rām		 धारे
dhā́re		 धाराः
dhā́rāḥ
Instrumental धारया / धारा¹
dhā́rayā / dhā́rā¹		 धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām		 धाराभिः
dhā́rābhiḥ
Dative धारायै
dhā́rāyai		 धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām		 धाराभ्यः
dhā́rābhyaḥ
Ablative धारायाः / धारायै²
dhā́rāyāḥ / dhā́rāyai²		 धाराभ्याम्
dhā́rābhyām		 धाराभ्यः
dhā́rābhyaḥ
Genitive धारायाः / धारायै²
dhā́rāyāḥ / dhā́rāyai²		 धारयोः
dhā́rayoḥ		 धाराणाम्
dhā́rāṇām
Locative धारायाम्
dhā́rāyām		 धारयोः
dhā́rayoḥ		 धारासु
dhā́rāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Borrowed terms
  • → Hindi: धारा (dhārā)
Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: [script needed] (dār)
    • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Grangali: [script needed] (dār)
    • Kashmiri: دار (dār)
    • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Savi: [script needed] (dhāre)
    • Shina: [script needed] (dār)
    • Shumashti: [script needed] (dār)
    • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)
    • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dār)
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Sinhalese: දරය (daraya)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)
  • Pali: dhārā
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)

Etymology 2

Probably the same as Etymology 1,[1] as blades were perhaps traditionally hardened and sharpened by streaming water.[2]

Noun

धारा • (dhārā) stem, f

  1. margin, sharp edge, rim, blade (esp. of a sword, knife, etc.)
    1. (figuratively) the flame (blade) of fire
  2. the edge of a mountain
  3. the rim of a wheel
  4. the fence of hedge of a garden
  5. the van of an army
  6. the tip of the ear
  7. highest point, summit, glory, excellence
  8. night
  9. turmeric

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 788-9
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 356
  4. Monier Williams (1899) “धारा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 515/3.
  5. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhāˊrā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “dhārā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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