कर्ण

See also: करण, करणे, करुणा, and कारण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /kəɾɳ/, [kɐɾɳ]

Noun

कर्ण • (karṇ) m (Urdu spelling کرن)

(anatomy, uncommon) ear
Synonym: कान (kān)
(geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
(nautical) helm, rudder

Declension

Declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कर्ण karṇ	कर्ण karṇ
oblique	कर्ण karṇ	कर्णों karṇõ
vocative	कर्ण karṇ	कर्णो karṇo

References

Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
ᬓᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
কর্ণ (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
ကရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
કર્ણ (Gujarati script)
ਕਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ಕರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
កណ៌ (Khmer script)
ກຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
കര്ണ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
କର୍ଣ (Odia script)
ꢒꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
කර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
கர்ண (Tamil script)
కర్ణ (Telugu script)
กรฺณ (Thai script)
ཀ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Likely related to Persian (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.

Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.

Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".

Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).

Noun

कर्ण • (kárṇa) stem, m

(anatomy) ear
(nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
(nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
(geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
diameter (of a circle)
(prosody) spondee

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण
Nom. sg.	कर्णः (karṇaḥ)
Gen. sg.	कर्णस्य (karṇasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कर्णः (karṇaḥ)	कर्णौ (karṇau)	कर्णाः (karṇāḥ)
Vocative	कर्ण (karṇa)	कर्णौ (karṇau)	कर्णाः (karṇāḥ)
Accusative	कर्णम् (karṇam)	कर्णौ (karṇau)	कर्णान् (karṇān)
Instrumental	कर्णेन (karṇena)	कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām)	कर्णैः (karṇaiḥ)
Dative	कर्णाय (karṇāya)	कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām)	कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative	कर्णात् (karṇāt)	कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām)	कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive	कर्णस्य (karṇasya)	कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ)	कर्णानाम् (karṇānām)
Locative	कर्णे (karṇe)	कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ)	कर्णेषु (karṇeṣu)

Descendants

Terms inherited from कर्ण (karṇa)

Dardic:
- Grangali: kō̃
- Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān
- Kalami: kan
- Kalasha: kuṛō̃, kᵘŕũ, kŕä̃
- Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ
- Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)
- Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)
  - Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)
  - → Domaaki: کون (kon)
- Shumashti: kō̃ṛ
- Tirahi: kana
- Torwali: [script needed] (kΛṇ)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan
Pali: kaṇṇa
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
- Central:
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Awadhi: कान (kān)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: kān
      Hindi: कान
      Urdu: کان (kān)
    - Romani: kan
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
    - Bengali: কান (kan)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: कान (kān)
      - Maithili: कान (kān)
    - Hajong: কান (kan)
    - Odia: କାନ (kanô)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Kumaoni: कान (kān)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: कान (kān)
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
      - Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
      - Punjabi: kann
        Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ
        Shahmukhi script: کَنّ
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: kanu
        Arabic script: ڪَنُ
        Devanagari script: कनु
        Kachchi: કન (kan)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - ⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
    - Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: kānu
      Devanagari script: कानु
      Latin script: kanu
      Kannada script: ಕಾನು
    - Old Marathi: kāna
      Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡
      Devanagari script: कान
      - Marathi: कान (kān)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
      - Gujarati: કાન (kān)
      - Old Marwari: कान (kān)

Terms borrowed from कर्ण (karṇa)

→ Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)
→ English: Karna
→ Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)
→ Old Javanese: karṇa
- > Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
- → Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)
⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)
⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)
⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)
→ Thai: กรรณ (gan)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315

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