कारण

Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause”).

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /kɑː.ɾəɳ/, [käː.ɾɐ̃ɳ]

कारण • (kāraṇ) m (Urdu spelling کارَن)

1. cause

   यह सब आपके कारण हुआ। ― yah sab āpke kāraṇ huā. ― All this happened because of you.

2. reason

   इस पर विश्‍वास करने का कोई कारण नहीं है।

   is par viś‍vās karne kā koī kāraṇ nahī̃ hai.

   There is no reason to believe this.

• वजह (vajah)

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कारण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कारण”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• “कारण”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कारण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (kāraṇa, “cause”). Cognate with Gujarati કારણ (kāraṇ), Konkani कारण (kāraṇ), Hindi कारण (kāraṇ).

• IPA^(key): /ka.ɾəɳ/

कारण • (kāraṇ)

1. because

कारण • (kāraṇ) n

1. cause, reason
2. excuse

   Synonym: सबब (sabab)

• Berntsen, Maxine, “कारण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कारण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

कारण (kāraṇa) n

1. Devanagari script form of 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜

कारण n

1. Devanagari script form of kāraṇa

कारण (kāraṇa) n

1. Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡

Vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa), from the root कृ (kṛ).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɑː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

कारण • (kāraṇa) stem, n

1. cause, reason, factor
   • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 13.22:

     पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु॥

     puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijānguṇān. kāraṇaṃ guṇasaṅgoʼsya sadasadyonijanmasu.

     The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. Its association with that material nature is the cause for this. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.6:

     स्वयं सञ्चिनुयात् सर्वमात्मनो वृत्तिकारणम्। देशकालबलाभिज्ञो नाददीतान्यदाहृतम्॥

     svayaṃ sañcinuyāt sarvamātmano vṛttikāraṇam. deśakālabalābhijño nādadītānyadāhṛtam.

     [A Vānaprastha] should personally collect whatever he requires for his bodily maintenance [lit. cause of his own sustenance], carefully considering the time, place and his own capacity. He should never collect provisions for the future.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.45:

     भक्त्योद्धवानपायिन्या सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्। सर्वोत्पत्त्यप्ययं ब्रह्म कारणं मोपयाति सः॥

     bhaktyoddhavānapāyinyā sarvalokamaheśvaram. sarvotpattyapyayaṃ brahma kāraṇaṃ mopayāti saḥ.

     My dear Uddhava, I am the Supreme Lord of all worlds, and I create and destroy this universe, being its ultimate cause. I am thus the absolute truth, the cause [of the universe] and one who worships me with unfailing devotional service comes to me.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.17.1:

     मैत्रेय उवाच
     निशम्यात्मभुवा गीतं कारणं शङ्कयोज्झिताः। ततः सर्वे न्यवर्तन्त त्रिदिवाय दिवौकसः॥

     maitreya uvāca
     niśamyātmabhuvā gītaṃ kāraṇaṃ śaṅkayojjhitāḥ. tataḥ sarve nyavartanta tridivāya divaukasaḥ.

     Śrī Maitreya said: The demigods, the inhabitants of the higher planets, were freed from all fear upon hearing the cause of the darkness explained by Brahmā, who was born from Viṣṇu. Thus they all returned to their respective planets.

2. instrument, means
   • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3:

     आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणम्उच्यते। योगारूढस्यतस्यैव शमः कारणम्उच्यते॥

     ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate. yogārūḍhasyatasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.

     For one who is a neophyte in the eightfold yoga system, work is said to be the means; and for one who is already elevated in yoga, cessation of all material activities is said to be the means.

3. motive, origin, principle
4. an element, elementary matter
5. the origin or plot of a play or poem
6. that on which an opinion or judgement is founded (a sign, mark, a proof, a legal instrument, document)
7. an organ of sense
8. an action
9. agency, instrumentality, condition
10. "the cause of being", a father
11. "cause of creation", a deity
12. the body
13. a kind of musical instrument
14. a sort of song
15. a number of scribes or kāyasthas
16. killing, injury

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa)
  • Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (see there for further descendants)
• Old Javanese: kāraṇa
  • Javanese: ꦏꦫꦤ (karana, “reason, cause; because”), ꦏꦿꦤ (krana, “reason; because of”), ꦏꦼꦫꦤ (kerana, “because”)
  • → Balinese: ᬓᬭᬡ (karana, “cause, origin, reason”)
• Pali: kāraṇa
• →Tatsama:

  • Hindi: कारण (kāraṇ)
  • Malayalam: കാരണം (kāraṇaṁ)
  • Tamil: காரணம் (kāraṇam)

• Monier Williams (1899) “कारण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 274, column 2.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कारण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kāraṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press