حمار

See also: خمار

Arabic
Root
ح م ر (ḥ-m-r)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ḥimār- (“donkey”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒀲 (imērum, “donkey”), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎎𐎗 (ḥmr), Hebrew חמור (khamór), Aramaic ܚܡܪܐ (ḥmārā).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ħi.maːr/
    • (Hijazi) IPA(key): /ħu.maːr/, [ħʊ.maːr]

Noun

حِمَار • (ḥimār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr) or حُمُر (ḥumur) or أَحْمِرَة (ʔaḥmira), feminine أَتَان (ʔatān) or حِمَارَة (ḥimāra))

  1. ass, donkey
    في بعض المناطق الريفية، يُعتبر الحمار وسيلة نقل هامة.
    Fī baʿḍi al-manāṭiq ar-riyfiyyah, yuʾtabaru al-ḥimār wasīlat naql ʾhāmiyah.
    In some rural areas, the donkey is considered an important means of transportation.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 62:5:
      مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ حُمِّلُواْ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَحۡمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ ٱلۡحِمَارِ يَحۡمِلُ أَسۡفَارَۢاۚ بِئۡسَ مَثَلُ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
      The likeness of those who are entrusted with the Law of Moses, yet apply it not, is as the likeness of the ass carrying books. Wretched is the likeness of folk who deny the revelations of Allah. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.
Declension
Declension of noun حِمَار (ḥimār)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حِمَار
ḥimār		 الْحِمَار
al-ḥimār		 حِمَار
ḥimār		 حِمَارَة
ḥimāra		 الْحِمَارَة
al-ḥimāra		 حِمَارَة
ḥimārat
Nominative حِمَارٌ
ḥimārun		 الْحِمَارُ
al-ḥimāru		 حِمَارُ
ḥimāru		 حِمَارَةٌ
ḥimāratun		 الْحِمَارَةُ
al-ḥimāratu		 حِمَارَةُ
ḥimāratu
Accusative حِمَارًا
ḥimāran		 الْحِمَارَ
al-ḥimāra		 حِمَارَ
ḥimāra		 حِمَارَةً
ḥimāratan		 الْحِمَارَةَ
al-ḥimārata		 حِمَارَةَ
ḥimārata
Genitive حِمَارٍ
ḥimārin		 الْحِمَارِ
al-ḥimāri		 حِمَارِ
ḥimāri		 حِمَارَةٍ
ḥimāratin		 الْحِمَارَةِ
al-ḥimārati		 حِمَارَةِ
ḥimārati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حِمَارَيْن
ḥimārayn		 الْحِمَارَيْن
al-ḥimārayn		 حِمَارَيْ
ḥimāray		 حِمَارَتَيْن
ḥimāratayn		 الْحِمَارَتَيْن
al-ḥimāratayn		 حِمَارَتَيْ
ḥimāratay
Nominative حِمَارَانِ
ḥimārāni		 الْحِمَارَانِ
al-ḥimārāni		 حِمَارَا
ḥimārā		 حِمَارَتَانِ
ḥimāratāni		 الْحِمَارَتَانِ
al-ḥimāratāni		 حِمَارَتَا
ḥimāratā
Accusative حِمَارَيْنِ
ḥimārayni		 الْحِمَارَيْنِ
al-ḥimārayni		 حِمَارَيْ
ḥimāray		 حِمَارَتَيْنِ
ḥimāratayni		 الْحِمَارَتَيْنِ
al-ḥimāratayni		 حِمَارَتَيْ
ḥimāratay
Genitive حِمَارَيْنِ
ḥimārayni		 الْحِمَارَيْنِ
al-ḥimārayni		 حِمَارَيْ
ḥimāray		 حِمَارَتَيْنِ
ḥimāratayni		 الْحِمَارَتَيْنِ
al-ḥimāratayni		 حِمَارَتَيْ
ḥimāratay
Plural Masculine Feminine
basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حَمِير‎; حُمُر‎; أَحْمِرَة
ḥamīr‎; ḥumur‎; ʔaḥmira		 الْحَمِير‎; الْحُمُر‎; الْأَحْمِرَة
al-ḥamīr‎; al-ḥumur‎; al-ʔaḥmira		 حَمِير‎; حُمُر‎; أَحْمِرَة
ḥamīr‎; ḥumur‎; ʔaḥmirat		 حِمَارَات‎; حَمَائِر
ḥimārāt‎; ḥamāʔir		 الْحِمَارَات‎; الْحَمَائِر
al-ḥimārāt‎; al-ḥamāʔir		 حِمَارَات‎; حَمَائِر
ḥimārāt‎; ḥamāʔir
Nominative حَمِيرٌ‎; حُمُرٌ‎; أَحْمِرَةٌ
ḥamīrun‎; ḥumurun‎; ʔaḥmiratun		 الْحَمِيرُ‎; الْحُمُرُ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةُ
al-ḥamīru‎; al-ḥumuru‎; al-ʔaḥmiratu		 حَمِيرُ‎; حُمُرُ‎; أَحْمِرَةُ
ḥamīru‎; ḥumuru‎; ʔaḥmiratu		 حِمَارَاتٌ‎; حَمَائِرُ
ḥimārātun‎; ḥamāʔiru		 الْحِمَارَاتُ‎; الْحَمَائِرُ
al-ḥimārātu‎; al-ḥamāʔiru		 حِمَارَاتُ‎; حَمَائِرُ
ḥimārātu‎; ḥamāʔiru
Accusative حَمِيرًا‎; حُمُرًا‎; أَحْمِرَةً
ḥamīran‎; ḥumuran‎; ʔaḥmiratan		 الْحَمِيرَ‎; الْحُمُرَ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةَ
al-ḥamīra‎; al-ḥumura‎; al-ʔaḥmirata		 حَمِيرَ‎; حُمُرَ‎; أَحْمِرَةَ
ḥamīra‎; ḥumura‎; ʔaḥmirata		 حِمَارَاتٍ‎; حَمَائِرَ
ḥimārātin‎; ḥamāʔira		 الْحِمَارَاتِ‎; الْحَمَائِرَ
al-ḥimārāti‎; al-ḥamāʔira		 حِمَارَاتِ‎; حَمَائِرَ
ḥimārāti‎; ḥamāʔira
Genitive حَمِيرٍ‎; حُمُرٍ‎; أَحْمِرَةٍ
ḥamīrin‎; ḥumurin‎; ʔaḥmiratin		 الْحَمِيرِ‎; الْحُمُرِ‎; الْأَحْمِرَةِ
al-ḥamīri‎; al-ḥumuri‎; al-ʔaḥmirati		 حَمِيرِ‎; حُمُرِ‎; أَحْمِرَةِ
ḥamīri‎; ḥumuri‎; ʔaḥmirati		 حِمَارَاتٍ‎; حَمَائِرَ
ḥimārātin‎; ḥamāʔira		 الْحِمَارَاتِ‎; الْحَمَائِرِ
al-ḥimārāti‎; al-ḥamāʔiri		 حِمَارَاتِ‎; حَمَائِرِ
ḥimārāti‎; ḥamāʔiri
Descendants
  • Egyptian Arabic: حمار (ḥumār, ḥmār)
  • Gulf Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
  • Hijazi Arabic: حُمار (ḥumār)
  • Maltese: ħmar
  • Moroccan Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
  • North Levantine Arabic: حمار (ḥmār)
  • → Malay: himar
  • Ottoman Turkish: حمار

Further reading

Etymology 2

Occupational noun from the root of حِمَار (ḥimār, “donkey”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ħam.maːr/

Noun

حَمَّار • (ḥammār) m (plural حَمَّارُون (ḥammārūn) or حَمَّارة (ḥammāra), feminine حَمَّارَة (ḥammāra))

  1. donkey driver
Declension
Declension of noun حَمَّار (ḥammār)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حَمَّار
ḥammār		 الْحَمَّار
al-ḥammār		 حَمَّار
ḥammār		 حَمَّارَة
ḥammāra		 الْحَمَّارَة
al-ḥammāra		 حَمَّارَة
ḥammārat
Nominative حَمَّارٌ
ḥammārun		 الْحَمَّارُ
al-ḥammāru		 حَمَّارُ
ḥammāru		 حَمَّارَةٌ
ḥammāratun		 الْحَمَّارَةُ
al-ḥammāratu		 حَمَّارَةُ
ḥammāratu
Accusative حَمَّارًا
ḥammāran		 الْحَمَّارَ
al-ḥammāra		 حَمَّارَ
ḥammāra		 حَمَّارَةً
ḥammāratan		 الْحَمَّارَةَ
al-ḥammārata		 حَمَّارَةَ
ḥammārata
Genitive حَمَّارٍ
ḥammārin		 الْحَمَّارِ
al-ḥammāri		 حَمَّارِ
ḥammāri		 حَمَّارَةٍ
ḥammāratin		 الْحَمَّارَةِ
al-ḥammārati		 حَمَّارَةِ
ḥammārati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حَمَّارَيْن
ḥammārayn		 الْحَمَّارَيْن
al-ḥammārayn		 حَمَّارَيْ
ḥammāray		 حَمَّارَتَيْن
ḥammāratayn		 الْحَمَّارَتَيْن
al-ḥammāratayn		 حَمَّارَتَيْ
ḥammāratay
Nominative حَمَّارَانِ
ḥammārāni		 الْحَمَّارَانِ
al-ḥammārāni		 حَمَّارَا
ḥammārā		 حَمَّارَتَانِ
ḥammāratāni		 الْحَمَّارَتَانِ
al-ḥammāratāni		 حَمَّارَتَا
ḥammāratā
Accusative حَمَّارَيْنِ
ḥammārayni		 الْحَمَّارَيْنِ
al-ḥammārayni		 حَمَّارَيْ
ḥammāray		 حَمَّارَتَيْنِ
ḥammāratayni		 الْحَمَّارَتَيْنِ
al-ḥammāratayni		 حَمَّارَتَيْ
ḥammāratay
Genitive حَمَّارَيْنِ
ḥammārayni		 الْحَمَّارَيْنِ
al-ḥammārayni		 حَمَّارَيْ
ḥammāray		 حَمَّارَتَيْنِ
ḥammāratayni		 الْحَمَّارَتَيْنِ
al-ḥammāratayni		 حَمَّارَتَيْ
ḥammāratay
Plural Masculine Feminine
sound masculine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Construct Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal حَمَّارِين‎; حَمَّارة
ḥammārīn‎; ḥammāra		 الْحَمَّارِين‎; الْحَمَّارة
al-ḥammārīn‎; al-ḥammāra		 حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارة
ḥammārī‎; ḥammārat		 حَمَّارَات
ḥammārāt		 الْحَمَّارَات
al-ḥammārāt		 حَمَّارَات
ḥammārāt
Nominative حَمَّارُونَ‎; حَمَّارةٌ
ḥammārūna‎; ḥammāratun		 الْحَمَّارُونَ‎; الْحَمَّارةُ
al-ḥammārūna‎; al-ḥammāratu		 حَمَّارُو‎; حَمَّارةُ
ḥammārū‎; ḥammāratu		 حَمَّارَاتٌ
ḥammārātun		 الْحَمَّارَاتُ
al-ḥammārātu		 حَمَّارَاتُ
ḥammārātu
Accusative حَمَّارِينَ‎; حَمَّارةً
ḥammārīna‎; ḥammāratan		 الْحَمَّارِينَ‎; الْحَمَّارةَ
al-ḥammārīna‎; al-ḥammārata		 حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارةَ
ḥammārī‎; ḥammārata		 حَمَّارَاتٍ
ḥammārātin		 الْحَمَّارَاتِ
al-ḥammārāti		 حَمَّارَاتِ
ḥammārāti
Genitive حَمَّارِينَ‎; حَمَّارةٍ
ḥammārīna‎; ḥammāratin		 الْحَمَّارِينَ‎; الْحَمَّارةِ
al-ḥammārīna‎; al-ḥammārati		 حَمَّارِي‎; حَمَّارةِ
ḥammārī‎; ḥammārati		 حَمَّارَاتٍ
ḥammārātin		 الْحَمَّارَاتِ
al-ḥammārāti		 حَمَّارَاتِ
ḥammārāti

References
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “حمر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Malay

Noun

حمار (plural حمار-حمار or حمار۲, informal 1st possessive حمارکو, 2nd possessive حمارمو, 3rd possessive حمارڽ)

  1. Jawi spelling of himar

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ħmaːr/
  • Audio(file)
  • Audio(file)

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حمير (ḥmīr), feminine حمارة (ḥmāra))

  1. donkey, ass
  2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra))

  1. donkey
  2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass, jackass

Adjective

حمار • (ḥmār) (feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra), masculine plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), elative أَحمَر (ʾaḥmar))

  1. (of a person) foolish, stupid, idiotic

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ħmaːr/, [ħmɑːrˤ]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Noun

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حمير (ḥamīr), feminine حمَارة (ḥmāra))

  1. donkey, ass
  2. (vulgar) idiot, dumbass, jackass

Derived terms

فتحناله، دخل بحماره (fataḥnā-lo, daḵal bi-ḥmāro, “give them an inch and they'll take a mile”)

Urdu

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).

Pronunciation

Noun

حِمار • (himār) m (Hindi spelling हिमार)

  1. male donkey, ass

References
  • “حمار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “حمار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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