пелемс
Moksha
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *peľə-, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *pele-. Cognates include Finnish pelätä, Northern Sami ballat, Hungarian fél.[1]
Veršinin is unsure whether development from пяль (päľ, “half; side”) is possible, he wonders if the meaning could have changed from "side" to "step aside; avoid; fear."[2]
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pʲelʲəms/
Verb
пелемс • (peľəms)
- (intransitive) to fear, to be afraid
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
- Мон пелян
- Mon peľan
- I am afraid
- Монга аф пелян Тяштеняцень эзда
- Monga af peľan Ťašťeńaćeń ezda
- I too am not afraid of the Little Star [name of a cow in a short story]
- Нолась пели сталмода, кода калмода
- Nolaś peľi stalmoda, koda kalmoda
- The lazy fears difficulty/challenge like [he fears the] grave
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Usage notes
The presumable object of the verb (i.e., the source of the fear) is put in ablative (-да (-da, “from”)), alternatively the postposition эзда (ezda, “from”) is used.
Conjugation
Subjective conjugation of пелемс
| Present / future | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | пелян (peľan) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пелят (peľat) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | пели (peľi) | |
| 1st plural — минь (miń) | пельхтяма (peľhťama) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | пельхтяда (peľhťada) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (śiń) | пелихть (peľihť) | |
| Past I | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | пелень (peľeń) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пелеть (peľeť) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | пельсь (peľś) | |
| 1st plural — минь (miń) | пелеме (peľeme) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | пеледе (peľeďe) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (śiń) | пельсть (peľsť) | |
| Compound future | ||
| 1st singular — мон (mon) | карман пелема (karman peľema) | |
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | кармат пелема (karmat peľema) | |
| 3rd singular — сон (son) | кармай пелема (karmaj peľema) | |
| 1st plural — минь (miń) | карматама пелема (karmatama peľema) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | карматада пелема (karmatada peľema) | |
| 3rd plural — синь (śiń) | кармайхть пелема (karmajhť peľema) | |
| Imperative | ||
| 2nd singular — тон (ton) | пельхть (peľhť) | |
| 2nd plural — тинь (ťiń) | пеледа (peľeda) | |
| Non-finite forms | ||
| verbal noun | пелема (peľema) | |
| past passive participle | — | |
| agentive / pres. act. part. | пели (peľi) | |
| present passive participle | — | |
Subjective conjugation in other moods is possible.
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
Objective conjugation is possible for transitive verbs, see, for example, кундамс (kundams).
References
- Entry #739 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- Veršinin, V. I. (2004–2005) Этимологический словарь мордовских (эрзянского и мокшанского) языков [Etymological dictionary of Mordvinic (Erzya and Moksha) languages] (in Russian), Joškar Ola, page 342
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