καθαρός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
No Indo-European cognates can be drawn. This implies a borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.tʰa.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ka.tʰaˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈros/
Adjective
κᾰθᾰρός • (katharós) m (feminine κᾰθᾰρᾱ́, neuter κᾰθᾰρόν); first/second declension
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | κᾰθᾰρός katharós |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ katharā́ |
κᾰθᾰρόν katharón |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ katharā́ |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰροί katharoí |
κᾰθᾰραί katharaí |
κᾰθᾰρᾰ́ kathará | |||||
| Genitive | κᾰθᾰροῦ katharoû |
κᾰθᾰρᾶς katharâs |
κᾰθᾰροῦ katharoû |
κᾰθᾰροῖν katharoîn |
κᾰθᾰραῖν katharaîn |
κᾰθᾰροῖν katharoîn |
κᾰθᾰρῶν katharôn |
κᾰθᾰρῶν katharôn |
κᾰθᾰρῶν katharôn | |||||
| Dative | κᾰθᾰρῷ katharôi |
κᾰθᾰρᾷ katharâi |
κᾰθᾰρῷ katharôi |
κᾰθᾰροῖν katharoîn |
κᾰθᾰραῖν katharaîn |
κᾰθᾰροῖν katharoîn |
κᾰθᾰροῖς katharoîs |
κᾰθᾰραῖς katharaîs |
κᾰθᾰροῖς katharoîs | |||||
| Accusative | κᾰθᾰρόν katharón |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ν katharā́n |
κᾰθᾰρόν katharón |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ katharā́ |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰρούς katharoús |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ς katharā́s |
κᾰθᾰρᾰ́ kathará | |||||
| Vocative | κᾰθᾰρέ katharé |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ katharā́ |
κᾰθᾰρόν katharón |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰρᾱ́ katharā́ |
κᾰθᾰρώ katharṓ |
κᾰθᾰροί katharoí |
κᾰθᾰραί katharaí |
κᾰθᾰρᾰ́ kathará | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| κᾰθᾰρῶς katharôs |
κᾰθᾰρώτερος katharṓteros |
κᾰθᾰρώτᾰτος katharṓtatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Further reading
- “καθαρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καθαρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “καθαρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καθαρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- καθαρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “καθαρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2513 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chaste idem, page 127.
- clean idem, page 136.
- clear idem, page 136.
- guiltless idem, page 379.
- immaculate idem, page 417.
- innocent idem, page 442.
- limpid idem, page 492.
- open idem, page 574.
- pellucid idem, page 602.
- pure idem, page 658.
- refined idem, page 684.
- sinless idem, page 779.
- spotless idem, page 804.
- stainless idem, page 809.
- sweet idem, page 848.
- unashamed idem, page 907.
- unblemished idem, page 908.
- uncontaminated idem, page 911.
- undefiled idem, page 912.
- unprofaned idem, page 928.
- unsoiled idem, page 932.
- unspoiled idem, page 932.
- unspotted idem, page 932.
- unstained idem, page 933.
- unsullied idem, page 933.
- untainted idem, page 934.
- virtuous idem, page 954.
- “καθαρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.θaˈɾos/
Adjective
καθαρός • (katharós) m (feminine καθαρή, neuter καθαρό)
- clean, clear
- pure, undefiled
- Synonym: αρρύπαντος (arrýpantos)
- (Judaism) kosher
- (music) perfect (as in perfect fourth)
Declension
Declension of καθαρός
| number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | καθαρός • | καθαρή • | καθαρό • | καθαροί • | καθαρές • | καθαρά • |
| genitive | καθαρού • | καθαρής • | καθαρού • | καθαρών • | καθαρών • | καθαρών • |
| accusative | καθαρό • | καθαρή • | καθαρό • | καθαρούς • | καθαρές • | καθαρά • |
| vocative | καθαρέ • | καθαρή • | καθαρό • | καθαροί • | καθαρές • | καθαρά • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο καθαρός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο καθαρός, etc.) | |||||
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
| comparative | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | καθαρότερος • | καθαρότερη • | καθαρότερο • | καθαρότεροι • | καθαρότερες • | καθαρότερα • |
| genitive | καθαρότερου • | καθαρότερης • | καθαρότερου • | καθαρότερων • | καθαρότερων • | καθαρότερων • |
| accusative | καθαρότερο • | καθαρότερη • | καθαρότερο • | καθαρότερους • | καθαρότερες • | καθαρότερα • |
| vocative | καθαρότερε • | καθαρότερη • | καθαρότερο • | καθαρότεροι • | καθαρότερες • | καθαρότερα • |
| derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο καθαρότερος", etc) | |||||
| Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | καθαρότατος • | καθαρότατη • | καθαρότατο • | καθαρότατοι • | καθαρότατες • | καθαρότατα • |
| genitive | καθαρότατου • | καθαρότατης • | καθαρότατου • | καθαρότατων • | καθαρότατων • | καθαρότατων • |
| accusative | καθαρότατο • | καθαρότατη • | καθαρότατο • | καθαρότατους • | καθαρότατες • | καθαρότατα • |
| vocative | καθαρότατε • | καθαρότατη • | καθαρότατο • | καθαρότατοι • | καθαρότατες • | καθαρότατα • |
Related terms
- αεροκαθαριστήρας m (aerokatharistíras, “airfilter”)
- αξεκαθάριστος (axekatháristos, “unclear”)
- Καθαρά Δευτέρα f (Kathará Deftéra, “Clean Monday”)
- καθαρεύουσα f (katharévousa, “Katharevousa”)
- καθαρίζω (katharízo, “to clean”)
- καθαριότητα f (kathariótita, “cleanliness”)
- καθαρισμός m (katharismós, “purification”)
- καθαριστήρας m (katharistíras, “wiper”)
- καθαριστής m (katharistís, “cleaner”)
- καθαρίστρια f (katharístria, “cleaner”)
- κάθαρμα n (kátharma, “scum”)
- κάθαρση f (kátharsi, “catharsis, purification”)
- καθαρτήριος (kathartírios, “purging, laxative”)
- καθαρτικό n (kathartikó, “laxative”)
- καθαρτικός (kathartikós, “cleansing, laxative”)
- ξεκαθαρίζω (xekatharízo, “to clarify, to explain”)
Further reading
- καθαρός - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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