καθαρεύω
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ka.tʰa.rěu̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ka.tʰaˈre.wo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈre.βo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈre.vo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ka.θaˈre.vo/
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰθᾰρεύω | κᾰθᾰρεύεις | κᾰθᾰρεύει | κᾰθᾰρεύετον | κᾰθᾰρεύετον | κᾰθᾰρεύομεν | κᾰθᾰρεύετε | κᾰθᾰρεύουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰθᾰρεύω | κᾰθᾰρεύῃς | κᾰθᾰρεύῃ | κᾰθᾰρεύητον | κᾰθᾰρεύητον | κᾰθᾰρεύωμεν | κᾰθᾰρεύητε | κᾰθᾰρεύωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρεύοιμῐ | κᾰθᾰρεύοις | κᾰθᾰρεύοι | κᾰθᾰρεύοιτον | κᾰθᾰρευοίτην | κᾰθᾰρεύοιμεν | κᾰθᾰρεύοιτε | κᾰθᾰρεύοιεν | |||||
imperative | κᾰθᾰ́ρευε | κᾰθᾰρευέτω | κᾰθᾰρεύετον | κᾰθᾰρευέτων | κᾰθᾰρεύετε | κᾰθᾰρευόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κᾰθᾰρεύομαι | κᾰθᾰρεύῃ, κᾰθᾰρεύει |
κᾰθᾰρεύεται | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθον | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθον | κᾰθᾰρευόμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθε | κᾰθᾰρεύονται | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰθᾰρεύωμαι | κᾰθᾰρεύῃ | κᾰθᾰρεύηται | κᾰθᾰρεύησθον | κᾰθᾰρεύησθον | κᾰθᾰρευώμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύησθε | κᾰθᾰρεύωνται | |||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρευοίμην | κᾰθᾰρεύοιο | κᾰθᾰρεύοιτο | κᾰθᾰρεύοισθον | κᾰθᾰρευοίσθην | κᾰθᾰρευοίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύοισθε | κᾰθᾰρεύοιντο | |||||
imperative | κᾰθᾰρεύου | κᾰθᾰρευέσθω | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθον | κᾰθᾰρευέσθων | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθε | κᾰθᾰρευέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰθᾰρεύειν | κᾰθᾰρεύεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰθᾰρεύων | κᾰθᾰρευόμενος | ||||||||||
f | κᾰθᾰρεύουσᾰ | κᾰθᾰρευομένη | |||||||||||
n | κᾰθᾰρεῦον | κᾰθᾰρευόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευον, ἐκᾰθᾰρευόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευον | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευες | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευε(ν) | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύετον | ἐκᾰθᾰρευέτην | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύομεν | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύετε | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκᾰθᾰρευόμην | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύου | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύετο | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύεσθον | ἐκᾰθᾰρευέσθην | ἐκᾰθᾰρευόμεθᾰ | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύεσθε | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: κᾰθᾰρεύσω, κᾰθᾰρεύσομαι, κᾰθᾰρευθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κᾰθᾰρεύσω | κᾰθᾰρεύσεις | κᾰθᾰρεύσει | κᾰθᾰρεύσετον | κᾰθᾰρεύσετον | κᾰθᾰρεύσομεν | κᾰθᾰρεύσετε | κᾰθᾰρεύσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιμῐ | κᾰθᾰρεύσοις | κᾰθᾰρεύσοι | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιτον | κᾰθᾰρευσοίτην | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιμεν | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιτε | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κᾰθᾰρεύσομαι | κᾰθᾰρεύσῃ, κᾰθᾰρεύσει |
κᾰθᾰρεύσεται | κᾰθᾰρεύσεσθον | κᾰθᾰρεύσεσθον | κᾰθᾰρευσόμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύσεσθε | κᾰθᾰρεύσονται | ||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρευσοίμην | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιο | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιτο | κᾰθᾰρεύσοισθον | κᾰθᾰρευσοίσθην | κᾰθᾰρευσοίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύσοισθε | κᾰθᾰρεύσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | κᾰθᾰρευθήσομαι | κᾰθᾰρευθήσῃ | κᾰθᾰρευθήσεται | κᾰθᾰρευθήσεσθον | κᾰθᾰρευθήσεσθον | κᾰθᾰρευθησόμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρευθήσεσθε | κᾰθᾰρευθήσονται | ||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρευθησοίμην | κᾰθᾰρευθήσοιο | κᾰθᾰρευθήσοιτο | κᾰθᾰρευθήσοισθον | κᾰθᾰρευθησοίσθην | κᾰθᾰρευθησοίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρευθήσοισθε | κᾰθᾰρευθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰθᾰρεύσειν | κᾰθᾰρεύσεσθαι | κᾰθᾰρευθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰθᾰρεύσων | κᾰθᾰρευσόμενος | κᾰθᾰρευθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | κᾰθᾰρεύσουσᾰ | κᾰθᾰρευσομένη | κᾰθᾰρευθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | κᾰθᾰρεῦσον | κᾰθᾰρευσόμενον | κᾰθᾰρευθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευσᾰ, ἐκᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́μην, ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευσᾰ | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευσᾰς | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευσε(ν) | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰτον | ἐκᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́την | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰμεν | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰτε | ἐκᾰθᾰ́ρευσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰθᾰρεύσω | κᾰθᾰρεύσῃς | κᾰθᾰρεύσῃ | κᾰθᾰρεύσητον | κᾰθᾰρεύσητον | κᾰθᾰρεύσωμεν | κᾰθᾰρεύσητε | κᾰθᾰρεύσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιμῐ | κᾰθᾰρεύσειᾰς, κᾰθᾰρεύσαις |
κᾰθᾰρεύσειε(ν), κᾰθᾰρεύσαι |
κᾰθᾰρεύσαιτον | κᾰθᾰρευσαίτην | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιμεν | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιτε | κᾰθᾰρεύσειᾰν, κᾰθᾰρεύσαιεν | |||||
imperative | κᾰθᾰ́ρευσον | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́τω | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾰτον | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́των | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾰτε | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐκᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́μην | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσω | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰτο | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰσθον | ἐκᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́σθην | ἐκᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰσθε | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰθᾰρεύσωμαι | κᾰθᾰρεύσῃ | κᾰθᾰρεύσηται | κᾰθᾰρεύσησθον | κᾰθᾰρεύσησθον | κᾰθᾰρευσώμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύσησθε | κᾰθᾰρεύσωνται | |||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρευσαίμην | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιο | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιτο | κᾰθᾰρεύσαισθον | κᾰθᾰρευσαίσθην | κᾰθᾰρευσαίμεθᾰ | κᾰθᾰρεύσαισθε | κᾰθᾰρεύσαιντο | |||||
imperative | κᾰθᾰ́ρευσαι | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́σθω | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾰσθον | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́σθων | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾰσθε | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθην | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθης | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθη | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθητον | ἐκᾰθᾰρευθήτην | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθημεν | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθητε | ἐκᾰθᾰρεύθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κᾰθᾰρευθῶ | κᾰθᾰρευθῇς | κᾰθᾰρευθῇ | κᾰθᾰρευθῆτον | κᾰθᾰρευθῆτον | κᾰθᾰρευθῶμεν | κᾰθᾰρευθῆτε | κᾰθᾰρευθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κᾰθᾰρευθείην | κᾰθᾰρευθείης | κᾰθᾰρευθείη | κᾰθᾰρευθεῖτον, κᾰθᾰρευθείητον |
κᾰθᾰρευθείτην, κᾰθᾰρευθειήτην |
κᾰθᾰρευθεῖμεν, κᾰθᾰρευθείημεν |
κᾰθᾰρευθεῖτε, κᾰθᾰρευθείητε |
κᾰθᾰρευθεῖεν, κᾰθᾰρευθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κᾰθᾰρεύθητῐ | κᾰθᾰρευθήτω | κᾰθᾰρεύθητον | κᾰθᾰρευθήτων | κᾰθᾰρεύθητε | κᾰθᾰρευθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | κᾰθᾰρεῦσαι | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾰσθαι | κᾰθᾰρευθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾱς | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́μενος | κᾰθᾰρευθείς | |||||||||
f | κᾰθᾰρεύσᾱσᾰ | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰμένη | κᾰθᾰρευθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | κᾰθᾰρεῦσᾰν | κᾰθᾰρευσᾰ́μενον | κᾰθᾰρευθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευκᾰ, κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευκᾰ | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευκᾰς | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευκε(ν) | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκᾰτον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκᾰτον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκᾰμεν | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκᾰτε | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκω | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκῃς | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκῃ | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκητον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκητον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκωμεν | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκητε | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοιμῐ, κεκᾰθᾰρευκοίην |
κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοις, κεκᾰθᾰρευκοίης |
κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοι, κεκᾰθᾰρευκοίη |
κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοιτον | κεκᾰθᾰρευκοίτην | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοιμεν | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοιτε | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκοιεν | |||||
imperative | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευκε | κεκᾰθᾰρευκέτω | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκετον | κεκᾰθᾰρευκέτων | κεκᾰθᾰρεύκετε | κεκᾰθᾰρευκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευμαι | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσαι | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευται | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθον | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύμεθᾰ | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθε | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευνται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος ὦ | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος ᾖς | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος ᾖ | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένω ἦτον | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένω ἦτον | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι ὦμεν | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι ἦτε | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος εἴην | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος εἴης | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος εἴη | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσο | κεκᾰθᾰρεύσθω | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθον | κεκᾰθᾰρεύσθων | κεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθε | κεκᾰθᾰρεύσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκᾰθᾰρευκέναι | κεκᾰθᾰρεῦσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κεκᾰθᾰρευκώς | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένος | ||||||||||
f | κεκᾰθᾰρευκυῖᾰ | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένη | |||||||||||
n | κεκᾰθᾰρευκός | κεκᾰθᾰρευμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκειν, ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκειν, ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκη |
ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκεις, ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκης |
ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκει(ν) | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκετον | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρευκέτην | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκεμεν | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκετε | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύμην | ἐκεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσο | ἐκεκᾰθᾰ́ρευτο | ἐκεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθον | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύσθην | ἐκεκᾰθᾰρεύμεθᾰ | ἐκεκᾰθᾰ́ρευσθε | ἐκεκᾰθᾰ́ρευντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- καθαρεύουσα (kathareúousa)
Descendants
- Greek: καθαρεύω (katharévo)
Further reading
- “καθαρεύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καθαρεύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καθαρεύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “καθαρεύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3811 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek καθαρεύω (kathareúō, “to be clean; to be pure”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.θaˈre.vo/
- Hyphenation: κα‧θα‧ρευ‧ω
Verb
Conjugation
καθαρεύω καθαρεύομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | καθαρεύω | καθαρέψω | καθαρεύομαι | καθαρευτώ |
2 sg | καθαρεύεις | καθαρέψεις | καθαρεύεσαι | καθαρευτείς |
3 sg | καθαρεύει | καθαρέψει | καθαρεύεται | καθαρευτεί |
1 pl | καθαρεύουμε, [‑ομε] | καθαρέψουμε, [‑ομε] | καθαρευόμαστε | καθαρευτούμε |
2 pl | καθαρεύετε | καθαρέψετε | καθαρεύεστε, καθαρευόσαστε | καθαρευτείτε |
3 pl | καθαρεύουν(ε) | καθαρέψουν(ε) | καθαρεύονται | καθαρευτούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | καθάρευα | καθάρεψα | καθαρευόμουν(α) | καθαρεύτηκα |
2 sg | καθάρευες | καθάρεψες | καθαρευόσουν(α) | καθαρεύτηκες |
3 sg | καθάρευε | καθάρεψε | καθαρευόταν(ε) | καθαρεύτηκε |
1 pl | καθαρεύαμε | καθαρέψαμε | καθαρευόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | καθαρευτήκαμε |
2 pl | καθαρεύατε | καθαρέψατε | καθαρευόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | καθαρευτήκατε |
3 pl | καθάρευαν, καθαρεύαν(ε) | καθάρεψαν, καθαρέψαν(ε) | καθαρεύονταν, (καθαρευόντουσαν) | καθαρεύτηκαν, καθαρευτήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα καθαρεύω ➤ | θα καθαρέψω ➤ | θα καθαρεύομαι ➤ | θα καθαρευτώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα καθαρεύεις, … | θα καθαρέψεις, … | θα καθαρεύεσαι, … | θα καθαρευτείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … καθαρέψει | έχω, έχεις, … καθαρευτεί | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … καθαρέψει | είχα, είχες, … καθαρευτεί | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καθαρέψει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … καθαρευτεί | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | καθάρευε | καθάρεψε | — | καθαρέψου |
2 pl | καθαρεύετε | καθαρέψτε | καθαρεύεστε | καθαρευτείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | καθαρεύοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας καθαρέψει ➤ | — | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | καθαρέψει | καθαρευτεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
- καθαρεύουσα f (katharévousa, “Katharevousa”), puristic variant of Modern Greek
Further reading
- καθαρεύω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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