tumingala
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *t<um>iŋadaq, from *tiŋadaq + *-um-. Compare Timugon Murut tumingaa (“to look upward”). By surface analysis, tingala + -um-.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /tumiŋaˈlaʔ/ [tʊ.mɪ.ŋɐˈlaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: tu‧mi‧nga‧la
Verb
tumingalâ (complete tumingala, progressive tumitingala, contemplative titingala, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜅᜎ)
Conjugation
Verb conjugation for tumingala (Class I) - um/an object verb
| Root word | tingala | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | -um- | tumingala | tumingala | tumitingala natingala2 |
titingala matingala2 |
katitingala1 kakatingala |
| Object | -an | tingalaan | tiningalaan | tinitingalaan inatingalaan2 |
titingalaan atingalaan2 |
— |
| Locative | pag- -an | pagtingalaan | pinagtingalaan | pinapagtingalaan pinagtitingalaan |
papagtingalaan pagtitingalaan |
— |
| Benefactive | i- | itingala | itiningala | itinitingala | ititingala | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipantingala | ipinantingala | ipinapantingala | ipapantingala | — |
| Causative | ika- | ikatingala | ikinatingala | ikinatitingala1 ikinakatingala |
ikatitingala1 ikakatingala |
— |
| i-3 | itingala | itiningala | itinitingala | ititingala | — | |
| Measurement | i- | itingala | itiningala | itinitingala | ititingala | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. 3Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized. | ||||||
Indirect (pa-) verb forms
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | magpa- | magpatingala | nagpatingala | nagpapatingala | magpapatingala | kapatitingala1 kapapatingala kapagpapatingala kakapatingala |
| Actor-secondary | pa- -in | patingalain | pinatingala | pinatitingala pinapatingala |
patitingalain papatingalain |
— |
| Object | pa- -an | patingalaan | pinatingalaan | pinapatingalaan pinatitingalaan |
papatingalaan patitingalaan |
— |
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpatingala | ipinagpatingala | ipinagpapatingala1 ipinapagpatingala |
ipagpapatingala1 ipapagpatingala |
— |
| Causative | ikapagpa- | ikapagpatingala | ikinapagpatingala | ikinapagpapatingala1 ikinakapagpatingala |
ikapagpapatingala1 ikakapagpatingala |
— |
| Locative | pagpa- -an | pagpatingalaan | pinagpatingalaan | pinagpapatitingalaan1 pinapagpatingalaan |
pagpapatitingalaan1 papagpatingalaan |
— |
| papag- -an | papagtingalaan | pinapagtingalaan | pinapapagtingalaan | papapagtingalaan | — | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
Ability/involuntary (maka-/ma-) verb forms
| Direct action verbs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | maka- | makatingala | nakatingala | nakatitingala1 nakakatingala |
makatitingala1 makakatingala
|
| mapa-2 | mapatingala | napatingala | napatitingala1 napapatingala |
mapatitingala1 mapapatingala | |
| Object | ma- -an | matingalaan | natingalaan | natitingalaan | matitingalaan |
| Benefactive | mai- | maitingala | naitingala | naititingala | maititingala |
| Causative | maika- | maikatingala | naikatingala | naikatitingala1 naikakatingala naiikatingala |
naikatitingala1 naikakatingala naiikatingala |
| mai- | maitingala | naitingala | naititingala | maititingala | |
| Locative | mapag- -an | mapagtingalaan | napagtingalaan | napagtitingalaan1 napapagtingalaan |
mapagtitingalaan1 mapapagtingalaan |
| Indirect action verbs | |||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | makapagpa- | makapagpatingala | nakapagpatingala | nakapagpapatingala1 nakakapagpatingala |
makapagpapatingala1 makakapagpatingala |
| Actor-secondary | mapa- | mapatingala | napatingala | napatitingala1 napapatingala |
mapatitingala1 mapapatingala |
| Object | mapa- -an | mapatingalaan | napatingalaan | napatitingalaan1 napapatingalaan |
mapatitingalaan1 mapapatingalaan |
| Benefactive | maipagpa- | maipagpatingala | naipagpatingala | naipagpapatingala1 naipapagpatingala naiipagpatingala |
maipagpapatingala1 maipapagpatingala maiipagpatingala |
| Causative | maikapagpa- | maikapagpatingala | naikapagpatingala | naikapagpapatingala1 naikakapagpatingala naiikapagpatingala |
maikapagpapatingala1 maikakapagpatingala maiikapagpatingala |
| Locative | mapagpa- -an | mapagpatingalaan | napagpatingalaan | napagpapatitingalaan1 napapagpatingalaan |
mapagpapatitingalaan1 mapapagpatingalaan |
| mapapag- -an | mapapagtingalaan | napapagtingalaan | napapapagtingalaan | mapapapagtingalaan | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Only for involuntary actions, not for ability verbs. | |||||
Social (maki-) verb forms
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | maki- | makitingala | nakitingala | nakikitingala | makikitingala |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpatingala | nakipagpatingala | nakikipagpatingala | makikipagpatingala |
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