surly

English

Etymology

16th-century alteration of sirly, from sir +‎ -ly.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜːli/
(General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɝli/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)li

Adjective

surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)

Irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly.
Threatening, menacing, gloomy.
The surly weather put us all in a bad mood.
(obsolete) Lordly, arrogant, supercilious.

Derived terms

Translations

irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly

Bulgarian: навъсен (bg) (navǎsen), нацупен (bg) (nacupen)
Catalan: malcarat, sorrut (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 粗暴 (zh) (cūbào), 無禮／无礼 (zh) (wúlǐ), 乖戾 (zh) (guāilì)
Czech: nevrlý, nepříjemný (cs), mrzutý (cs)
Dutch: knorrig (nl), bars (nl), onbeleefd (nl)
Esperanto: malafabla
Finnish: hapan (fi), pahantuulinen (fi), töykeä (fi)
French: grognon (fr), grincheux (fr), impoli (fr)
German: mürrisch (de), unwirsch (de), missmutig (de), verdrießlich (de), griesgrämig (de), grämlich, ruppig (de), knurrig, barsch (de), unfreundlich (de), übellaunig (de), bärbeißig (de)
Irish: mosach, bodúil, dorrga
Italian: scontroso (it)
Maori: ngākaukawa, tukumaru
Plautdietsch: brumsch
Portuguese: rabugento (pt) m
Romanian: posac (ro)
Russian: угрю́мый (ru) (ugrjúmyj), серди́тый (ru) (serdítyj), гру́бый (ru) (grúbyj), неприве́тливый (ru) (neprivétlivyj)
Scottish Gaelic: gruamach
Spanish: irritado (es), malhumorado (es), inamistoso, hosco (es)
Welsh: sarrug (cy), afrywiog

threatening, menacing, gloomy

Bulgarian: груб (bg) (grub), заплашителен (bg) (zaplašitelen)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 陰鬱／阴郁 (zh) (yīnyù)
Dutch: bedreigend (nl), bars (nl), mistroostig (nl)
Finnish: uhkaava (fi)
French: menaçant (fr), rude (fr), morne (fr)
German: grob (de), düster (de), rau (de), bedrohlich (de), drohend (de), traurig (de), bedrückend (de), finster (de), trübselig (de), trübsinnig (de), bedrückend (de)
Russian: угрожа́ющий (ru) (ugrožájuščij), гро́зный (ru) (gróznyj)
Scottish Gaelic: gruamach
Spanish: amenazante (es)

(obsolete) lordly, arrogant, supercilious

Chinese:
Mandarin: 傲慢的 (zh) (àomàn de)
Dutch: arrogant (nl), bazig (nl)
Finnish: koppava (fi), pöyhkeä (fi)
French: arrogant (fr), autoritaire (fr)
German: überheblich (de), arrogant (de), hochmütig (de), hochnäsig (de), herablassend (de), anmaßend (de), gebieterisch (de)
Russian: надме́нный (ru) (nadménnyj), спеси́вый (ru) (spesívyj), высокоме́рный (ru) (vysokomérnyj)
Spanish: arrogante (es)

Adverb

surly (comparative surlier, superlative surliest)

(obsolete) In an arrogant or supercilious manner.
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
  Against the Capitol I met a lion / Who glazed upon me, and went surly by / Without annoying me […]

Middle English

Adverb

surly

Alternative form of surely

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