ska
English
Etymology
Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound;[1] other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /skɑː/, enPR: skä
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- Homophone: scar (non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Noun
ska (uncountable)
- (music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.
- 1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:
- Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”
- 2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:
- Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.
Translations
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References
- “ska”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Albanian
Alternative forms
- s'ka
Verb
ska
- (impersonal, third person) there isn't
- ska parkim ― no parking
- ska përse (ska pse) ― you're welcome (literally, “there isn't why”)
Derived terms
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /es̺ka/ [es̺.ka]
- Rhymes: -es̺ka
Declension
indefinite | singular | |
---|---|---|
absolutive | ska | ska |
ergative | — | skak |
dative | — | skari |
genitive | — | skaren |
comitative | — | skarekin |
causative | — | skarengatik |
benefactive | — | skarentzat |
instrumental | skaz | skaz |
inessive | — | skan |
locative | — | — |
allative | — | — |
terminative | — | — |
directive | — | — |
destinative | — | — |
ablative | — | — |
partitive | skarik | — |
prolative | skatzat | — |
Further reading
- "ska" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /skaː/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ska
- Rhymes: -aː
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
ska (present tense skar, past tense skadde, past participle skadd, present participle skadande, imperative ska)
- (transitive) to damage, injure
- (transitive) to harm, inconvenience
Etymology 2
Apocopic form of skal (“shall”).
Verb
ska
- (dialectal) alternative form of skal, present tense of skulle
- 1802, Edvard Storm, “Sæterreiſe”, in Laurents Hallager, Norsk Ordsamling, Sebastian Popp, page 183:
- Qvar ein Dag ſka Gjæstbo væra, Māt ſka naa aat døkre Kne.
- Every day shall be a feast, food shall reach to your knees
- c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:
- den ret-færigie ska værte salig a trunaa
- the just shall be saved by the faith
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ska/
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ska
- Homophone: -ska
Noun
ska n (indeclinable)
- ska (style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae)
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈska/ [ˈska], /esˈka/ [esˈka]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ska
Usage notes
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑː/
audio (file)
Etymology 2
Apocopic form of skall, present tense of skola (see there for additional senses and examples), from skulu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /skɑː/
- (Gothenburg) IPA(key): /ˈskaː/
audio (file)
Verb
ska
- will, be going to; denotes a promise or strong intent to perform an action in the future
- Imorgon ska vi mata tigrar
- Tomorrow, we're going to feed tigers
- Jag ska göra det imorgon. Jag lovar!
- I will do it tomorrow. I promise!
- shall, have to; be required to
- Nej, du ska göra det idag!
- No, you shall do it today!
- to be said to, to be claimed, to be alleged
- Mannen ska ha uppträtt hotfullt
- The man is said to have behaved in a threatening manner
- Hon ska vara över två meter lång
- She is said to be more than two meters tall
- Det ska tydligen regna imorgon
- Apparently, it's going to rain tomorrow (it is said to be raining tomorrow, on the weather report or the like)
- Jag är väldigt upprörd över ryktena om att jag skulle varit otrogen mot min fru
- I am very upset by the rumors claiming that I have been unfaithful to my wife
- (with an adverbial involving movement or direction) to intend (for) to go (to/towards) (as if a gå (“walk”), åka (“drive, go”), följa (“follow”), resa (“travel”), or the like had been elided); compare constructions like "I want home" in English.
- Jag ska (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) till affären
- I'm going to the store
- Jag ska (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) hem
- I'm going home
- Jag ska (k̶l̶ä̶t̶t̶r̶a̶) upp på taket
- I'm going up on the roof
- Vi ska (g̶å̶) av vid bensinstationen
- We're getting off at the gas station
- Ska du (f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶) med?
- Wanna join us (to some place)?
- Han ska (å̶k̶a̶) ut!
- We must get him out of here!
- Jag tror han skulle (g̶å̶/å̶k̶a̶) hem
- I think he was going home
- Skulle du (f̶ö̶l̶j̶a̶) med eller?
- Were you going to join or what?
Usage notes
- The construction in (sense 4) is commonly used with vilja (“want”) and måste (“must”) as well, and may occasionally be used with for example borde (“should, ought to”).
- Not old-fashioned or formal like English shall in (sense 2), but a perfect match for meaning (which is usually the case for other senses as well). Skall is an older or more formal spelling and pronunciation for the present tense, which does match English shall in tone. See also the usage notes for skall.
- Infinitive and supine are rarely (if ever) used, and may be considered archaic, but see skola for some additional senses and examples related to other forms.
- kommer att may also be used to denote a future action, but while it denotes something inevitable (something absolutely certain), ska refers to something which is required, intended, or a promise. Compare also bör, which is a (very) strong recommendation, but not without possibility to wiggle out of; and måste (must) which is used when there is a compelling need to do something:
- Solen kommer att gå upp i morgon bitti
- The Sun will rise tomorrow morning.
- Jag kommer att städa i morgon.
- I will clean up tomorrow (There's no doubt about that)
- Jag ska städa i morgon.
- I will (I promise to/I have been forced to promise to) clean up tomorrow.
- Jag måste städa i morgon.
- I have to clean up tomorrow [since there are guests coming]
- Jag bör städa i morgon.
- I should clean up tomorrow (It would be good if I did some cleaning up tomorrow)
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | skola | — | ||
Supine | skolat | — | ||
Imperative | — | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | — | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ska, skall | skulle | — | — |
Ind. plural1 | skola | skulle | — | — |
Subjunctive2 | skole | skulle | — | — |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | — | |||
Past participle | — | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
See also
- skola (the rare infinitive – has additional senses and examples)