rḫ

See also: Rh, RH, and rh

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
r
x
Y1

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to learn, to come to know or experience
  2. (transitive, in the stative or perfect) to know (something)
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2:
      D35r
      x      		 Y1n
      t      		 wxprr
      t      		 Z2
      ir      		 r
      t      		 nTrZ1x t
      f      		 U35A24f
      nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f
      One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.
  3. (transitive, in the stative or perfect) to be acquainted or familiar with (someone)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 119–121:
      iwd
      p      		 t
      P1      		 riiit
      D54      		 mXn
      n      		 nwwprsqddA30A1
      Z2      		 imsr
      x      		 Y2
      n      		 k
      jw dpt r jjt m ẖnw sqdw jm.s rḫ.n.k
      A boat is to come from home with sailors in it whom you know.
  4. (catenative, in the stative or perfect, with a verb in the infinitive) to know how to, to be able to

Usage notes

Unlike other transitive verbs, the stative of rḫ has an active meaning rather than a passive one and can have a direct object denoting what is known. When this direct object is a personal pronoun, it appears in enclitic (dependent) form.

Inflection
Conjugation of rḫ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: rḫ, geminated stem: rḫḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
rḫ
 rḫw, rḫ
 rḫt
 rḫ, j.rḫ
 rḫ, j.rḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
rḫ
 ḥr rḫ
 m rḫ
 r rḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect rḫ.n
 rḫw, rḫ
 consecutive rḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative rḫt
perfective3 rḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 rḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective rḫ, j.rḫ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 rḫ
 rḫḫ
 potentialis1 rḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive rḫ, j.rḫ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect rḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective rḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 rḫ
 rḫḫ, rḫḫj6, rḫ2, rḫw2 5, rḫy2 5
imperfective j.rḫ1, rḫ, rḫy, rḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.rḫ1, j.rḫw1 5, rḫ, rḫj6, rḫy6
 rḫ, rḫw5
prospective rḫ, rḫtj7
 — rḫtj4, rḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rḫ  
r
x
r
x		 Y1V
rḫ rḫ

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: rḫ
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲱϣ (rōš)

Noun
r
x
Y1

 m

  1. knowledge

Noun
r
x
Y1		 A1

 m

  1. knowledgeable or wise man, scholar, often seen as living according to Maat (virtue/truth/cosmic order)
    Antonym: wḫꜣ

Inflection
Declension of rḫ (masculine)
singular rḫ
dual rḫwj
plural rḫw

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 192, 211, 263.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 68, 128
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.