ombudsman
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɒmbədzmən/
- (US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɑmbədzmən/
- (Philippine, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ɒmˈbʊdzmən/
Audio (AU) (file) - (US)
(file)
Noun
ombudsman (plural ombudsmen)
- An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.
- A designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.
Usage notes
- Derived from Swedish, where the suffix -man is not always gender specific. Nevertheless, the words ombud, ombuds, ombudsperson, and ombudswoman have been coined to remedy the perceived gender-specificity of ombudsman in English.
Derived terms
Translations
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Cebuano
Czech
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈombut͡sman]
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani |
genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanů |
dative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanům |
accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmany |
vocative | ombudsmane | ombudsmani |
locative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanech |
instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmany |
Dutch
Etymology
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔm.bʏts.mɑn/
Audio (file)
Derived terms
- ombudsvrouw
- ombudspersoon, ombudsmens (jocular)
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔm.byds.man/, /ɔ̃.byds.mɑ̃/
Audio (file)
Noun
ombudsman m or f by sense (plural ombudsmans)
- an appointed official within an organization whose duty is to investigate complaints against that organization by its customers, taxpayers, and sometimes employees, and often to act as a consultant to improve services and processes
Usage notes
- In Quebec, the office in government services is called protecteur du citoyen. A similar office in France is that of the médiateur, though its precise functions differ.
Indonesian
Noun
ombudsman (first-person possessive ombudsmanku, second-person possessive ombudsmanmu, third-person possessive ombudsmannya)
Further reading
- “ombudsman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔmˈbut.sman/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -utsman
- Syllabification: om‧bud‧sman
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani/ombudsmany (deprecative) |
genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów |
dative | ombudsmanowi | ombudsmanom |
accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów |
instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmanami |
locative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmanach |
vocative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmani |
Portuguese
Etymology
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /õ.bu.d͡ʒizˈmɐ̃/, /õ.bud͡ʒsˈmɐ̃/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /õ.bu.d͡ʒiʒˈmɐ̃/, /õ.bud͡ʒʃˈmɐ̃/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /õ.bud͡ʒsˈmɐ̃/, /õ.bu.d͡ʒizˈmɐ̃/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /õ.budʃˈman/ [õ.buðʃˈman]
- Hyphenation: om‧buds‧man
Noun
ombudsman m (plural ombudsmen or ombudsmans or ombudsman)
- ombudsman (official who investigates complaints)
Romanian
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmani | ombudsmanii |
genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmani | ombudsmanilor |
vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmanilor |
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenii |
genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenilor |
vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmenilor |
See also
References
- ombudsman in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ombǔdzman/
Spanish
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish umbuds man or ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man. The origin of the word is found in Old Norse umboðsmaðr and the word “umbuds man”, meaning representative. The first preserved use in Swedish is from 1552.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔm.bʉːdsˌman/
Declension
Declension of ombudsman | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmannen | ombudsmän | ombudsmännen |
Genitive | ombudsmans | ombudsmannens | ombudsmäns | ombudsmännens |
Related terms
- barnombudsman
- diskrimineringsombudsman
- jämo
- jämställdhetsombudsman
- justitieombudsman
Descendants
- → Armenian: օմբուդսմեն (ōmbudsmen)
- → Dutch: ombudsman
- → English: ombudsman
- → Russian: омбудсмен (ombudsmen)
- → Georgian: ომბუდსმენი (ombudsmeni)
- → German: Ombudsmann
- → Portuguese: ombudsman
- → Serbo-Croatian: ombudsman
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /om.buds.mɑn/
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | ombudsman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ombudsmanı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmanlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ombudsmanı | ombudsmanları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ombudsmana | ombudsmanlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | ombudsmanda | ombudsmanlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | ombudsmandan | ombudsmanlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | ombudsmanın | ombudsmanların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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