oc
See also: Appendix:Variations of "oc"
Translingual
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish oc, from Proto-Celtic *onkus (“near”). Compare Middle Irish ocus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oɡ/
Preposition
oc
- at, beside, by (also used with a form of the substantive verb at·tá to express “have”)
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- Bui cu oca, no ditned in cu Lagniu uile.
- He had a dog; the dog protected all Leinster.
- (used with a verbal noun to make a progressive aspect):
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “oc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *onkus (“near”), probably ultimately related to the root of the verbal suffix icc.[1] Compare Old Irish ocus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oɡ/
Preposition
oc (with the dative)
- at, beside, by (also used with a form of the substantive verb at·tá to express “have”)
- (used with a verbal noun to make a progressive aspect):
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
Inflection
Inflection of oc
Person | Normal | Emphatic |
---|---|---|
1st person sing. | ocum, ocom | |
2d person sing. | ocut | |
3d sing. masc./neut., dative | oc(c)o, oc(c)a | |
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | ||
3d sing. fem., dative | occ(a)i, oc(c)ae | |
3d sing. fem., accusative | ||
1st person pl. | ocunn | |
2d person pl. | occaib | |
3d person pl., dative | occaib | |
3d person pl., accusative |
Forms combined with the definite article:
- all genders singular: ocin(d), ocon(d)
- all genders plural: ocnaib (once ocna in the feminine plural, possibly an error)
Forms combined with a possessive determiner:
Derived terms
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “onko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “oc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 436, 848, pages 275, 524–25
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin hoc. Compare Old French oïl and o.
Antonyms
Descendants
- Occitan: òc
- Catalan: oi[1]
- ⇒ French: langue d’oc
- → German: Oc-Sprache/oc-Sprache
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *oncca.
Inflection
Inflection of oc (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | oc | ||
genitive sing. | ocan | ||
partitive sing. | ocad | ||
partitive plur. | ocid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | oc | ocad | |
accusative | ocan | ocad | |
genitive | ocan | ociden | |
partitive | ocad | ocid | |
essive-instructive | ocan | ocin | |
translative | ocaks | ocikš | |
inessive | ocas | ociš | |
elative | ocaspäi | ocišpäi | |
illative | ocaha ocha |
ocihe | |
adessive | ocal | ocil | |
ablative | ocalpäi | ocilpäi | |
allative | ocale | ocile | |
abessive | ocata | ocita | |
comitative | ocanke | ocidenke | |
prolative | ocadme | ocidme | |
approximative I | ocanno | ocidenno | |
approximative II | ocannoks | ocidennoks | |
egressive | ocannopäi | ocidennopäi | |
terminative I | ocahasai ochasai |
ocihesai | |
terminative II | ocalesai | ocilesai | |
terminative III | ocassai | — | |
additive I | ocahapäi ochapäi |
ocihepäi | |
additive II | ocalepäi | ocilepäi |
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