luhuran

Tagalog

Etymology

From luhod +‎ -an.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /ˌluˈhuɾan/ [ˌluˈhu.ɾɐn] (“hassock (cushion for kneeling); place for kneeling; simultaneous kneeling; knee pad”, noun)
  - Rhymes: -uɾan
- IPA^(key): /luhuˈɾan/ [lʊ.hʊˈɾan] (“to kneel; to surrender”, verb)
  - Rhymes: -an
Syllabification: lu‧hu‧ran

Noun

lúhúran (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜑᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

kneeler; hassock (cushion used for resting in a kneeling position)
place where one kneels (especially in church for Communion)
simultaneous kneeling of people (as in prayer)
knee pad; knee protector

Verb

luhurán (complete niluhuran, progressive niluluhuran, contemplative luluhuran, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜑᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

to kneel on; to use for kneeling on
to kneel and kiss the hand of (one's elders)
Synonym: pagmanuhan
(figurative) to surrender to
Synonym: sukuan

Conjugation

Verb conjugation for luhuran (Class I) - um/an object verb

Trigger	Affix	Aspect
Root word				luhod
Trigger	Affix	Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative	Recently Complete
Actor	-um-	lumuhod	lumuhod	lumuluhod naluhod²	luluhod maluhod²	kaluluhod¹ kakaluhod
Object	-an	luhuran	niluhuran	niluluhuran inaluhuran²	luluhuran aluhuran²	—
Locative	⁠pag- -an	pagluhuran	pinagluhuran	pinapagluhuran pinagluluhuran	papagluhuran pagluluhuran	⁠—
Benefactive	i-	iluhod	iniluhod	iniluluhod	iluluhod	⁠—
Instrument	ipang-	ipanluhod	ipinanluhod	ipinapanluhod	ipapanluhod	⁠—
Causative	ika-	ikaluhod	ikinaluhod	ikinaluluhod¹ ikinakaluhod	ikaluluhod¹ ikakaluhod	⁠—
Causative	i-³	iluhod	iniluhod	iniluluhod	iluluhod	⁠—
Measurement	i-	iluhod	iniluhod	iniluluhod	iluluhod	⁠—
¹Used in formal contexts. ²Dialectal use only. ³Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized.

Indirect (pa-) verb forms

Trigger	Affix	Aspect
Trigger	Affix	Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative	Recently Complete
Actor	magpa-	magpaluhod	nagpaluhod	nagpapaluhod	magpapaluhod	⁠kapaluluhod¹ kapapaluhod kapagpapaluhod kakapaluhod
Actor-secondary	pa- -in	paluhurin	pinaluhod	pinaluluhod pinapaluhod	paluluhurin papaluhurin	⁠—
Object	⁠ pa- -an	paluhuran	pinaluhuran	pinapaluhuran pinaluluhuran	papaluhuran paluluhuran	⁠—
Benefactive	ipagpa-	ipagpaluhod	ipinagpaluhod	ipinagpapaluhod¹ ipinapagpaluhod	ipagpapaluhod¹ ipapagpaluhod	⁠—
Causative	ikapagpa-	ikapagpaluhod	ikinapagpaluhod	ikinapagpapaluhod¹ ikinakapagpaluhod	ikapagpapaluhod¹ ikakapagpaluhod	⁠—
Locative	⁠pagpa- -an	pagpaluhuran	pinagpaluhuran	pinagpapaluluhuran¹ pinapagpaluhuran	pagpapaluluhuran¹ papagpaluhuran	⁠—
Locative	⁠papag- -an	papagluhuran	pinapagluhuran	pinapapagluhuran	papapagluhuran	⁠—
¹Used in formal contexts.

Ability/involuntary (maka-/ma-) verb forms

Direct action verbs
Trigger	Affix	Aspect
Trigger	Affix	Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Actor	maka-	makaluhod	nakaluhod	nakaluluhod¹ nakakaluhod	makaluluhod¹ makakaluhod
Actor	mapa-²	mapaluhod	napaluhod	napaluluhod¹ napapaluhod	mapaluluhod¹ mapapaluhod
Object	⁠ ma- -an	maluhuran	naluhuran	naluluhuran	maluluhuran
Benefactive	mai-	mailuhod	nailuhod	nailuluhod	mailuluhod
Causative	maika-	maikaluhod	naikaluhod	naikaluluhod¹ naikakaluhod naiikaluhod	naikaluluhod¹ naikakaluhod naiikaluhod
Causative	mai-	mailuhod	nailuhod	nailuluhod	mailuluhod
Locative	⁠mapag- -an	mapagluhodan	napagluhodan	napagluluhodan¹ napapagluhodan	mapagluluhodan¹ mapapagluhodan
Indirect action verbs
Trigger	Affix	Aspect
Trigger	Affix	Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Actor	makapagpa-	makapagpaluhod	nakapagpaluhod	nakapagpapaluhod¹ nakakapagpaluhod	makapagpapaluhod¹ makakapagpaluhod
Actor-secondary	mapa-	mapaluhod	napaluhod	napaluluhod¹ napapaluhod	mapaluluhod¹ mapapaluhod
Object	⁠ mapa- -an	mapaluhuran	napaluhuran	napaluluhuran¹ napapaluhuran	mapaluluhuran¹ mapapaluhuran
Benefactive	maipagpa-	maipagpaluhod	naipagpaluhod	naipagpapaluhod¹ naipapagpaluhod naiipagpaluhod	maipagpapaluhod¹ maipapagpaluhod maiipagpaluhod
Causative	maikapagpa-	maikapagpaluhod	naikapagpaluhod	naikapagpapaluhod¹ naikakapagpaluhod naiikapagpaluhod	maikapagpapaluhod¹ maikakapagpaluhod maiikapagpaluhod
Locative	⁠mapagpa- -an	mapagpaluhuran	napagpaluhuran	napagpapaluluhuran¹ napapagpaluhuran	mapagpapaluluhuran¹ mapapagpaluhuran
Locative	⁠mapapag- -an	mapapagluhuran	napapagluhuran	napapapagluhuran	mapapapagluhuran
¹Used in formal contexts. ²Only for involuntary actions, not for ability verbs.

Social (maki-) verb forms

Form	Affix	Aspect
Form	Affix	Infinitive	Complete	Progressive	Contemplative
Direct	maki-	makiluhod	nakiluhod	nakikiluhod	makikiluhod
Indirect	makipagpa-	makipagpaluhod	nakipagpaluhod	nakikipagpaluhod	makikipagpaluhod

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