imfen
Old Irish
Etymology
From imm- + Proto-Celtic *winati (“bend, enclose”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to weave, wind”). Cognate with Sanskrit वयति (váyati), व्ययति (vyáyati), Latin vieō and Russian вить (vitʹ, “to wind, twist, weave”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /imʲˈfʲen/
Verb
im·fen (verbal noun imbe)
- to hedge in, fence in
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112b17
- a nonda imbide
- and when you sg are hedged in
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112b17
Conjugation
Complex, class B IV present, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | im·fen | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·ímcua (with perfective com-) | ·ímcuaad (with perfective com-) | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | imma·feithe (with infixed pronoun a-) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | imbe | ||||||||
| Past participle | imbide, imbithe | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Related terms
- ad·fen
- fithe
- for·fen
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| im·fen | im·ḟen | im·fen pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imm·fen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 517
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