illr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-. The comparative and superlative degrees are taken from the Proto-Germanic adjective *ubilaz (whence English evil), but are themselves from yet another origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.

Adjective

illr (comparative verri, superlative verst)

  1. evil, bad
  2. hard, difficult
  3. close, mean, stingy

Inflection

This word seems to have a suppletive inflection, using another root in the comparative and superlative forms, than in the positive form.

    Strong declension of illr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative illr ill illt
accusative illan illa illt
dative illum illri illu
genitive ills illrar ills
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative illir illar ill
accusative illa illar ill
dative illum illum illum
genitive illra illra illra
    Weak declension of illr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative illi illa illa
accusative illa illu illa
dative illa illu illa
genitive illa illu illa
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative illu illu illu
accusative illu illu illu
dative illum illum illum
genitive illu illu illu
    Declension of comparative of illr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative verri verri verra
accusative verra verri verra
dative verra verri verra
genitive verra verri verra
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative verri verri verri
accusative verri verri verri
dative verrum verrum verrum
genitive verri verri verri
    Strong declension of superlative of illr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative verstr verst verst
accusative verstan versta verst
dative verstum verstri verstu
genitive versts verstrar versts
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative verstir verstar verst
accusative versta verstar verst
dative verstum verstum verstum
genitive verstra verstra verstra
    Weak declension of superlative of illr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative versti versta versta
accusative versta verstu versta
dative versta verstu versta
genitive versta verstu versta
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative verstu verstu verstu
accusative verstu verstu verstu
dative verstum verstum verstum
genitive verstu verstu verstu

Descendants
  • Icelandic: illur
  • Faroese: illur
  • Old Swedish: ilder, īller
  • Danish: ilde
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ille
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ille
  • → Middle English: ille, ill, il

References
  • “illr”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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