had

From Middle English hadde (preterite), yhad (past participle), from Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ġehæfd (past participle), from Proto-Germanic *habdaz, past and past participle stem of *habjaną (“to have”), equivalent to have +‎ -ed. Cognate with Dutch had, German hatte, Swedish hade, Icelandic hafði.

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /hæd/

• Audio (GA)

  (file)

• (had to): IPA^(key): /hæt/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /həd/, /əd/
• Rhymes: -æd

had

1. simple past and past participle of have

   This morning I had an egg for breakfast.

   A good time was had by all.

   • 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 1:

     About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, […].

2. (auxiliary, followed by a past participle) Used to form the past perfect tense, expressing an action that took place prior to a reference point that is itself in the past.

   I felt sure that I had seen him before.

   • 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:

     Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?

3. (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.
   • 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:

     To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 4, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Julius Cæsar had escaped death, if going to the Senate-house, that day wherein he was murthered by the Conspirators, he had read a memorial which was presented unto him.

   • 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, section 24:

     If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.

   • 1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:

     CAESAR (smiling). Of course I had rather you stayed.

Had, like that, is one of a small number of words to be correctly used twice in succession in English in a non-contrived way, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”

• had better
• had best

• ADH, AHD, DHA, HDA, dah

had

1. preterite of hê; had

From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

had m (plural hadoù)

1. (botany) seed

had

1. (interrogative) where

Inherited from Old Czech had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦat]

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: had
• Rhymes: -at

had m anim (related adjective hadí)

1. snake

• had in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• had in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• had in Internetová jazyková příručka

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“hate”).

• Rhymes: -ad

had n (singular definite hadet, not used in plural form)

1. hate, hatred

had

1. imperative of hade

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑt
• IPA^(key): /ɦɑt/

had

1. singular past indicative of hebben

From Old Hungarian hodu, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta.[1] Cognate with Finnish kunta.

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɒd]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒd

had (plural hadak)

1. (military) army
2. (military, in compound words or phrases) war

• had in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Inherited from Malay had (“limit, boundary”), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

• IPA^(key): /ˈhat/
• Rhymes: -hat
• Hyphenation: had

had (plural had-had, first-person possessive hadku, second-person possessive hadmu, third-person possessive hadnya)

1. (rare) limit

   Synonyms: batas, limit

2. (rare) boundary

   Synonym: batas

3. (rare) until

   Synonym: hingga

4. (rare) as far as.

   Synonym: sejauh

• “had” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• hād
• hāt

• IPA^(key): /hat/

had

1. singular past indicative of hävve; had.
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     En kääd'l had twî jongers; […]

     A man had two sons. […]

From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

• IPA^(key): /had/

had (plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)

1. limit
   1. (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).

      Synonym: limit (Indonesian)

2. boundary

• batas

• berhad

• Indonesian: had

• “had” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

had

1. to walk, go

   Kamkam, kahad à Urusalima aw! (Sləray 21:21)[1]

   Don't go to Jerusalem! (Acts 21:12)

had

1. Alternative form of hod

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈɣad/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈɦat/

had m animal

1. snake

• Czech: had

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “had”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

From Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus, “manner”).

• IPA^(key): /xɑːd/, [hɑːd]

hād m

1. person, individual
2. a character
   • c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual‎:

     Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.

     When the poet introduces other characters who talk to him as if they're answering him, the composition is called "common" or "mixed."

3. individuality
4. rank, status
   • 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"

     ġehwelċes hādes menn

     people of every rank

5. a person of the Trinity
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"

     Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.

     The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Spirit; these three persons are one god in one godhead.

6. honor, dignity
7. office (esp religious)
8. state, condition; nature, manner
9. gender
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"

     Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.

     The church is gathered from people of each gender, that is, the male sex and the female sex.

10. (grammar) grammatical person
    • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice

      Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").

      Verbs have three persons. The first person talks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in the plural, "we say"). The second person is whoever the first person talks to ("you say", or in the plural "y'all say"). The third person is whoever the first person talks about to the second person ("he says", or in the plural "they say").

11. race; kindred, family; tribe, group
12. choir

• -hād

• Middle English: hod, had, hade, hede, hode
  • English: hade, hede (obsolete)
  • Scots: hade (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɦat]

had m anim (genitive singular hada, nominative plural hady, genitive plural hadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. snake, serpent

• hadí
• hadica f

• “had”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

had

1. Romanization of 𒉺 (ḫad)

From Ottoman Turkish حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).

• IPA^(key): /hadʲ/, [hɐdʲ]

had (definite accusative haddi, plural hadler or hudut)

1. limit
2. boundary

• hiddet
• mahdut
• tahdit

From Proto-Slavic *gadъ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈxad/

had m animal

1. snake, serpent

• “had” in Soblex

From Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd, “limit”). Compare Turkish had.

had (plural hadlar)

1. limit

From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

• IPA^(key): /haːd/
• Rhymes: -aːd

had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)

1. seed, seeds (collectively)
2. semen, sperm

• hadblanhigyn m (“seedling”)
• hadog (“seeded”, adjective)

• hadu (“to sow”)

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “had”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

had

1. Alternative form of hadh (“had”)
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:

     Ich woul ich had.

     I wish I had.

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

     Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,

     If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

     An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.

     And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.

   • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:

     Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.

     In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.

   • 1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108:

     Hea had no much wut,

     He had not much wit,

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867