< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Speculative links have been made to *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”).[1]

Root

*keh₂d-

  1. hatred, angriness

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂d-‎ (5 c, 0 e)
  • *kéh₂d-o-s[2][3]
    • Proto-Celtic: *kādos
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kọð
        • Middle Breton: cuez, queuz
        • Cornish: kueth, cüth
        • Middle Welsh: cawdd
          • Welsh: cawdd
    • Proto-Italic: *kādos
      • Oscan: cadeis
  • *kéh₂d-os ~ *kéh₂d-es-os (s-stem noun)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kā́dos
      • Ancient Greek: κῆδος (kêdos)
        Doric Greek: κᾶδος (kâdos)
  • *kéh₂d-tis ~ *kh₂d-téy-s[1]
    • Proto-Celtic: *kassis (see there for further descendants)
  • *kh₂d-os ~ *kh₂d-es-os (zero-grade s-stem noun)
    • Proto-Germanic: *hataz (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬀 (sādra, “misery, suffering”)[1]

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kassi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 193-194
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cadeis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 78-79
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kādo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
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