fagy
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Ugric *paĺɜ (“icecrust, frost; to freeze”). Cognates include Northern Mansi по̄люӈкве (pōlûňkwe, “to freeze”). For earlier proposed cognates such as Finnish palaa (“to burn”),[1] see fal (“to devour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈfɒɟ]
- Rhymes: -ɒɟ
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | fagy | fagyok |
| accusative | fagyot | fagyokat |
| dative | fagynak | fagyoknak |
| instrumental | faggyal | fagyokkal |
| causal-final | fagyért | fagyokért |
| translative | faggyá | fagyokká |
| terminative | fagyig | fagyokig |
| essive-formal | fagyként | fagyokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | fagyban | fagyokban |
| superessive | fagyon | fagyokon |
| adessive | fagynál | fagyoknál |
| illative | fagyba | fagyokba |
| sublative | fagyra | fagyokra |
| allative | fagyhoz | fagyokhoz |
| elative | fagyból | fagyokból |
| delative | fagyról | fagyokról |
| ablative | fagytól | fagyoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
fagyé | fagyoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
fagyéi | fagyokéi |
| Possessive forms of fagy | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | fagyom | fagyaim |
| 2nd person sing. | fagyod | fagyaid |
| 3rd person sing. | fagya | fagyai |
| 1st person plural | fagyunk | fagyaink |
| 2nd person plural | fagyotok | fagyaitok |
| 3rd person plural | fagyuk | fagyaik |
Conjugation
conjugation of fagy
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fagyok | fagysz | fagy | fagyunk | fagytok | fagynak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fagytam | fagytál | fagyott | fagytunk | fagytatok | fagytak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fagyni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fagyék | fagyál | fagya | fagyánk | fagyátok | fagyának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fagy vala, fagyott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fagyandok | fagyandasz | fagyand | fagyandunk | fagyandotok | fagyandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fagynék | fagynál | fagyna | fagynánk | fagynátok | fagynának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fagyott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fagyjak | fagyj or fagyjál |
fagyjon | fagyjunk | fagyjatok | fagyjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fagyott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | fagyni | fagynom | fagynod | fagynia | fagynunk | fagynotok | fagyniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| fagyás | fagyó | fagyott | ― | fagyva (fagyván) | fagyaszt | ||||
potential conjugation of fagy
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fagyhatok | fagyhatsz | fagyhat | fagyhatunk | fagyhattok | fagyhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fagyhattam | fagyhattál | fagyhatott | fagyhattunk | fagyhattatok | fagyhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fagyhaték | fagyhatál | fagyhata | fagyhatánk | fagyhatátok | fagyhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fagyhat vala, fagyhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fagyhatandok or fagyandhatok |
fagyhatandasz or fagyandhatsz |
fagyhatand or fagyandhat |
fagyhatandunk or fagyandhatunk |
fagyhatandotok or fagyandhattok |
fagyhatandanak or fagyandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fagyhatnék | fagyhatnál | fagyhatna | fagyhatnánk | fagyhatnátok | fagyhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fagyhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fagyhassak | fagyhass or fagyhassál |
fagyhasson | fagyhassunk | fagyhassatok | fagyhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fagyhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (fagyhatni) | (fagyhatnom) | (fagyhatnod) | (fagyhatnia) | (fagyhatnunk) | (fagyhatnotok) | (fagyhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (fagyhatva / fagyhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
- majd ha fagy
References
- Entry #700 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
- (to freeze): fagy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (frost): fagy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- fagy in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
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