escusar
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese escusar, from Latin excūsāre, present active infinitive of excūsō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eskuˈsaɾ/
Verb
escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusei, past participle escusado)
- (transitive) to excuse
- (transitive) to don't need something, to avoid
- Quen ao sementar é mesquiño, pr'a seitura escusa fouciño (proverb)
- The one who is miserable sowing, won't need a sickle for the harvest.
- O que ben almorza escusa o xantar (proverb)
- The one who eats a good breakfast does not need dinner.
- 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 633:
- o que á de seer nõ se pode escusar, quer uena a torto, quer a dereyto
- You can't avoid the future, now if it comes crooked, now if it's right
- 1371, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 434:
- Et demays foron buscar todos los outros coengos [...] et trouxeronnos por força et contra suas voontades et enssarraronnos con os outros enno dito thesouro [...] Et esteueron aly por espacio de noue dias [...] Et os uellos et fraquos que non podian sayr, ouueron de fazer dentro enno dito thesouro aquello que he nescessario et se non pode escussar.
- they went to fetch every other canon [...] and they brought them forcibly and against their wills and they locked them inside the treasury room [...] And they were there for nine days [...] And the elders and the weak ones, that couldn't get out, were forced to do inside the treasure that which is necessary and can't be avoided.
- (transitive with de) to be unnecessary to do something
- 1813, anonymous author, Conversa no adro da igrexa:
- escusades de xurá-lo que volo creo mui ben
- You don't need to swear it, because I really believe you
Conjugation
1Less recommended.
Related terms
References
- “escusar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “escus” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “escusar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “escusar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “escusar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “escusar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “escusar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese escusar, from Latin excūsāre.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /is.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [is.kuˈza(h)], /es.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [es.kuˈza(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /is.kuˈza(ɾ)/, /es.kuˈza(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃ.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [iʃ.kuˈza(χ)], /eʃ.kuˈza(ʁ)/ [eʃ.kuˈza(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /es.kuˈza(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.kuˈzaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʃ.kuˈza.ɾi/
Verb
escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusei, past participle escusado)
Conjugation
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish escusar, from Latin excūsāre. Cf. the modified form excusar. The meaning in this word was influenced by escuso (“hidden”), the old past participle of esconder (“to hide”), corresponding to Latin abscōnsus; cf. also escusa.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eskuˈsaɾ/ [es.kuˈsaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧cu‧sar
Verb
escusar (first-person singular present escuso, first-person singular preterite escusé, past participle escusado)
- (obsolete) to hide
Conjugation
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive escusar | |||||||
dative | escusarme | escusarte | escusarle, escusarse | escusarnos | escusaros | escusarles, escusarse | |
accusative | escusarme | escusarte | escusarlo, escusarla, escusarse | escusarnos | escusaros | escusarlos, escusarlas, escusarse | |
with gerund escusando | |||||||
dative | escusándome | escusándote | escusándole, escusándose | escusándonos | escusándoos | escusándoles, escusándose | |
accusative | escusándome | escusándote | escusándolo, escusándola, escusándose | escusándonos | escusándoos | escusándolos, escusándolas, escusándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative escusa | |||||||
dative | escúsame | escúsate | escúsale | escúsanos | not used | escúsales | |
accusative | escúsame | escúsate | escúsalo, escúsala | escúsanos | not used | escúsalos, escúsalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative escusá | |||||||
dative | escusame | escusate | escusale | escusanos | not used | escusales | |
accusative | escusame | escusate | escusalo, escusala | escusanos | not used | escusalos, escusalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative escuse | |||||||
dative | escúseme | not used | escúsele, escúsese | escúsenos | not used | escúseles | |
accusative | escúseme | not used | escúselo, escúsela, escúsese | escúsenos | not used | escúselos, escúselas | |
with first-person plural imperative escusemos | |||||||
dative | not used | escusémoste | escusémosle | escusémonos | escusémoos | escusémosles | |
accusative | not used | escusémoste | escusémoslo, escusémosla | escusémonos | escusémoos | escusémoslos, escusémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative escusad | |||||||
dative | escusadme | not used | escusadle | escusadnos | escusaos | escusadles | |
accusative | escusadme | not used | escusadlo, escusadla | escusadnos | escusaos | escusadlos, escusadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative escusen | |||||||
dative | escúsenme | not used | escúsenle | escúsennos | not used | escúsenles, escúsense | |
accusative | escúsenme | not used | escúsenlo, escúsenla | escúsennos | not used | escúsenlos, escúsenlas, escúsense |
References
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “escusar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014