dul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dul"

Afar
Dul.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdul/, [ˈdʊl]
  • Hyphenation: dul

Noun

dúl m (plural duulitté f)

  1. common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

Declension
Declension of dúl
absolutive dúl
predicative dúulu
subjective dúl
genitive dultí
Postpositioned forms
l-case dúulul
k-case dúuluk
t-case dúulut
h-case dúuluh

References
  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dul”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aromanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Greek δούλος (doúlos).

Noun

dul m (plural dulj, feminine equivalent dulã)

  1. servant

Synonyms

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tul, *dul(k) (“widow, widower”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

  1. widow, widower

Declension
    Declension of dul
singular plural
nominative dul
 dullar
definite accusative dulu
 dulları
dative dula
 dullara
locative dulda
 dullarda
ablative duldan
 dullardan
definite genitive dulun
 dulların
    Possessive forms of dul
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulum dullarım
sənin (“your”) dulun dulların
onun (“his/her/its”) dulu dulları
bizim (“our”) dulumuz dullarımız
sizin (“your”) dulunuz dullarınız
onların (“their”) dulu or dulları dulları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumu dullarımı
sənin (“your”) dulunu dullarını
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunu dullarını
bizim (“our”) dulumuzu dullarımızı
sizin (“your”) dulunuzu dullarınızı
onların (“their”) dulunu or dullarını dullarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) duluma dullarıma
sənin (“your”) duluna dullarına
onun (“his/her/its”) duluna dullarına
bizim (“our”) dulumuza dullarımıza
sizin (“your”) dulunuza dullarınıza
onların (“their”) duluna or dullarına dullarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumda dullarımda
sənin (“your”) dulunda dullarında
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunda dullarında
bizim (“our”) dulumuzda dullarımızda
sizin (“your”) dulunuzda dullarınızda
onların (“their”) dulunda or dullarında dullarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumdan dullarımdan
sənin (“your”) dulundan dullarından
onun (“his/her/its”) dulundan dullarından
bizim (“our”) dulumuzdan dullarımızdan
sizin (“your”) dulunuzdan dullarınızdan
onların (“their”) dulundan or dullarından dullarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumun dullarımın
sənin (“your”) dulunun dullarının
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunun dullarının
bizim (“our”) dulumuzun dullarımızın
sizin (“your”) dulunuzun dullarınızın
onların (“their”) dulunun or dullarının dullarının

Icelandic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tʏːl/
  • Rhymes: -ʏːl

Noun

dul f (genitive singular dular, no plural)

  1. concealment

Declension
declension of dul
f-s2 singular
indefinite definite
nominative dul dulin
accusative dul dulina
dative dul dulinni
genitive dular dularinnar

Synonyms
  • duld (“neurosis, complex”)
  • dulur (“introverted, reticent”)
  • dulúð (“occult, mystery”)
  • dylja (“to hide, to conceal”)

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish dul, verbal noun of téit (“to go”).[2]

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula)

  1. verbal noun of téigh
  2. going, passing, departure
  3. way, method; means, capability
  4. proper, natural order
  5. arrangement, construction, style, version
  6. condition, state
  7. time, occasion
Declension
Declension of dul

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative dul
Vocative a dhul
Genitive dula
Dative dul

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an dul
Genitive an dula
Dative leis an dul

don dul

Synonyms
  • goil (Connacht, Ulster)
Derived terms

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula)

  1. Alternative form of dol (“loop; noose, snare; cast; draught, haul; turn; batch, lot; group, contingent; number, amount”)
Declension
Declension of dul

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative dul
Vocative a dhul
Genitive dula
Dative dul

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an dul
Genitive an dula
Dative leis an dul

don dul

Verb

dul (present analytic dulann, future analytic dulfaidh, verbal noun duladh, past participle dulta)

  1. Alternative form of dol (“loop; snare, ensnare; net”)
Conjugation
conjugation of dul (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present dulaim dulann tú;
dulair†		 dulann sé, sí dulaimid dulann sibh dulann siad;
dulaid†		 a dhulann; a dhulas /
a ndulann*; a ndulas*		 dultar
past dhul mé; dhulas dhul tú; dhulais dhul sé, sí dhulamar; dhul muid dhul sibh; dhulabhair dhul siad; dhuladar a dhul /
ar dhul*		 duladh
past habitual dhulainn / ndulainn‡‡ dhultá / ndultᇇ dhuladh sé, sí / nduladh sé, s퇇 dhulaimis; dhuladh muid / ndulaimis‡‡; nduladh muid‡‡ dhuladh sibh / nduladh sibh‡‡ dhulaidís; dhuladh siad / ndulaidís‡‡; nduladh siad‡‡ a dhuladh /
a nduladh*		 dhultaí / ndulta퇇
future dulfaidh mé;
dulfad		 dulfaidh tú;
dulfair†		 dulfaidh sé, sí dulfaimid;
dulfaidh muid		 dulfaidh sibh dulfaidh siad;
dulfaid†		 a dhulfaidh; a dhulfas /
a ndulfaidh*; a ndulfas*		 dulfar
conditional dhulfainn / ndulfainn‡‡ dhulfá / ndulfᇇ dhulfadh sé, sí / ndulfadh sé, s퇇 dhulfaimis; dhulfadh muid / ndulfaimis‡‡; ndulfadh muid‡‡ dhulfadh sibh / ndulfadh sibh‡‡ dhulfaidís; dhulfadh siad / ndulfaidís‡‡; ndulfadh siad‡‡ a dhulfadh /
a ndulfadh*		 dhulfaí / ndulfa퇇
subjunctive present go ndula mé;
go ndulad†		 go ndula tú;
go ndulair†		 go ndula sé, sí go ndulaimid;
go ndula muid		 go ndula sibh go ndula siad;
go ndulaid†		 — go ndultar
past dá ndulainn dá ndultá dá nduladh sé, sí dá ndulaimis;
dá nduladh muid		 dá nduladh sibh dá ndulaidís;
dá nduladh siad		 — dá ndultaí
imperative dulaim dul duladh sé, sí dulaimis dulaigí;
dulaidh†		 dulaidís — dultar
verbal noun duladh
past participle dulta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
dul dhul ndul
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 dul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

North Wahgi

Noun

dul

  1. eye

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

The u in the term is commonly assumed to have arisen in the first place from u-infection of an original Proto-Celtic *dalus, which may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“to ooze, spring up”), Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, thrive”), Albanian dal (“to go out”). Related to Welsh deillio (“to emanate, arise”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [dul]

Noun

dul m (genitive dula)

  1. verbal noun of téit

Inflection
Masculine u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dul — —
Vocative dul — —
Accusative dulN — —
Genitive duloH, dulaH — —
Dative dulL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
  • duilne (“foliage”)
  • duilesc (“edible seaweed”)

Descendants
  • Irish: dul
  • Scottish Gaelic: dol

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
dul dul
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/		 ndul
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 327
  2. Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 257

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t̪ul̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish dul (“snare, trap”).

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula, plural dulachan)

  1. loop, noose, link
Synonyms
Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
duldhul
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish dul (“going, to go”), verbal noun of téit.

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dul, no plural)

  1. Ross-shire, Sutherland, East Inverness-shire, and Deeside form of dol

References

Sumerian

Romanization

dul

  1. Romanization of 𒌋𒌆 (dul)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طول (dul), from Proto-Turkic *tul, *dul(k) (“widow, widower”). Cognate with Bashkir тол (tol), Old Turkic 𐱄𐰆𐰟 (tul).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

  1. widow, widower

Declension
Inflection
Nominative dul
Definite accusative dulu
Singular Plural
Nominative dul dullar
Definite accusative dulu dulları
Dative dula dullara
Locative dulda dullarda
Ablative duldan dullardan
Genitive dulun dulların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular dulum dullarım
2nd singular dulun dulların
3rd singular dulu dulları
1st plural dulumuz dullarımız
2nd plural dulunuz dullarınız
3rd plural dulları dulları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular dulumu dullarımı
2nd singular dulunu dullarını
3rd singular dulunu dullarını
1st plural dulumuzu dullarımızı
2nd plural dulunuzu dullarınızı
3rd plural dullarını dullarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular duluma dullarıma
2nd singular duluna dullarına
3rd singular duluna dullarına
1st plural dulumuza dullarımıza
2nd plural dulunuza dullarınıza
3rd plural dullarına dullarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular dulumda dullarımda
2nd singular dulunda dullarında
3rd singular dulunda dullarında
1st plural dulumuzda dullarımızda
2nd plural dulunuzda dullarınızda
3rd plural dullarında dullarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular dulumdan dullarımdan
2nd singular dulundan dullarından
3rd singular dulundan dullarından
1st plural dulumuzdan dullarımızdan
2nd plural dulunuzdan dullarınızdan
3rd plural dullarından dullarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular dulumun dullarımın
2nd singular dulunun dullarının
3rd singular dulunun dullarının
1st plural dulumuzun dullarımızın
2nd plural dulunuzun dullarınızın
3rd plural dullarının dullarının
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular dulum dullarım
2nd singular dulsun dullarsın
3rd singular dul
duldur		 dullar
dullardır
1st plural duluz dullarız
2nd plural dulsunuz dullarsınız
3rd plural dullar dullardır

Descendants

West Flemish

Adjective

dul

  1. angry
    Synonyms: kwoad, vys
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