dhuru

Gamilaraay
dhuru

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /duru/

Noun

dhuru

  1. snake

References
  • Dhiirrala Gamilaraay Yuwaalaraay Language Program St Joseph School Po Box 125 Walgett NSW 2368 Australia
  • (2003) Gamilaraay Yuwaalaraay Yuwaalayaay Dictionary
  • (2015) Ma Gamilaraay
  • (2016) Gamilaraay Garay yaadhagu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ضَرَّ (ḍarra).

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-dhuru (infinitive kudhuru)

  1. to hurt, to injure, to damage, to harm

Conjugation
Conjugation of -dhuru
Positive present -nadhuru
Subjunctive -dhuru
Negative -dhuru
Imperative singular dhuru
Infinitives
Positive kudhuru
Negative kutodhuru
Imperatives
Singular dhuru
Plural dhuruni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhuru
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhuru
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhuru
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhuru)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadhuru/nadhuru tunadhuru
2nd person unadhuru mnadhuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhuru wanadhuru
other classes positive subject concord + -nadhuru
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhuru)
Singular Plural
1st person sidhuru hatudhuru
2nd person hudhuru hamdhuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhuru hawadhuru
other classes negative subject concord + -dhuru
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhuru
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhuru
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhuru)
Singular Plural
1st person nidhuru tudhuru
2nd person udhuru mdhuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuru wadhuru
other classes positive subject concord + -dhuru
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhuru
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhuru
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhuru
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhuru
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhuru
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhuru)
Singular Plural
1st person nadhuru twadhuru
2nd person wadhuru mwadhuru
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuru wadhuru
m-mi(III/IV) wadhuru yadhuru
ji-ma(V/VI) ladhuru yadhuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhuru vyadhuru
n(IX/X) yadhuru zadhuru
u(XI) wadhuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadhuru
pa(XVI) padhuru
mu(XVIII) mwadhuru
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhuru
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhuru
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhuru
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhuru
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhuru
Consecutive kadhuru / positive subject concord + -kadhuru
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhuru
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidhuru -tudhuru
2nd person -kudhuru -wadhuru/-kudhuruni/-wadhuruni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhuru -wadhuru
m-mi(III/IV) -udhuru -idhuru
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhuru -yadhuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhuru -vidhuru
n(IX/X) -idhuru -zidhuru
u(XI) -udhuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudhuru
pa(XVI) -padhuru
mu(XVIII) -mudhuru
Reflexive -jidhuru
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhuru- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dhuruye -dhuruo
m-mi(III/IV) -dhuruo -dhuruyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dhurulo -dhuruyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhurucho -dhuruvyo
n(IX/X) -dhuruyo -dhuruzo
u(XI) -dhuruo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dhuruko
pa(XVI) -dhurupo
mu(XVIII) -dhurumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhuru)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedhuru -odhuru
m-mi(III/IV) -odhuru -yodhuru
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhuru -yodhuru
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhuru -vyodhuru
n(IX/X) -yodhuru -zodhuru
u(XI) -odhuru see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodhuru
pa(XVI) -podhuru
mu(XVIII) -modhuru
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -dhuria
    • Passive: -dhuriwa
    • Reciprocal: -dhuriana
    • Stative: -dhurika
  • dhara (“harm, loss, injury”)
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