cứng
Vietnamese
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *kəŋʔ. Compare Khmer កឹង (kəng) and Pacoh câng. Possibly related to nứng (“horny”), through an infixed form.
Similarities to Chinese 勁 (OC *keŋ-s) (SV: kình, kính), 強 (OC *N-kaŋ, *m-kaŋʔ) (SV: cường, cưỡng), 剛 (OC *kˤaŋ) (SV: cương), 堅 (OC *kˤi[ŋ]) (SV: kiên) are probably coincidental. The Austroasiatic words might also be borrowed from another source that gave rise to one of the Sinitic words.
Also a semantic loan from English hard in hardware and hard copy.
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kɨŋ˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [kɨŋ˦˧˥]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [kɨŋ˦˥]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Adjective
See also
Derived terms
- bìa cứng (“cardboard”)
- bọ cánh cứng (“beetle”)
- chật cứng (“overcrowded”)
- cứng cáp (“robust”) (từ láy)
- cứng chắc (“strong, firm”)
- cứng cỏi (“strong, tough”)
- cứng cổ (“stubborn”)
- cứng cựa (“persistent”)
- cứng đầu (“headstrong”)
- cứng đơ
- cứng đờ
- cứng họng (“speechless”)
- cứng miệng (“speechless”)
- cứng nhắc (“inflexible”)
- cứng rắn (“tough”)
- cương cứng (“erect”)
- đĩa cứng (“hard drive”)
- kẹo bơ cứng (“toffee”)
- màng cứng (“dura mater”)
- ổ cứng (“hard disk drive”)
- ổ đĩa cứng (“hard disk drive”)
- phần cứng (“hardware”)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.