Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kunnan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kunnaną.

Verb

*kunnan[1]

to recognise
to know how, be able

Inflection

*kann, *kant, *kunnun, *kunþā, *kunnan

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Old English: cunnan
- Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne
  - English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny
  - Scots: can, cun, cunning
  - Yola: canna, cou
Old Frisian: kunna
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: kön
  Hallig: kune
  Helgoland: kan
  Mooring: koone
  Sylt: ken
- Saterland Frisian: konne
- West Frisian: kinne
Old Saxon: kunnan
- Middle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen
  - Low German: könen
  - Plautdietsch: kjanen
Old Dutch: cunnan
- Middle Dutch: connen
  - Dutch: kunnen, (dialectal) kennen, konnen
    - Afrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)
    - Javindo: ken
    - Negerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)
    - Petjo: kan, ken
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)
  - Limburgish: kónne
  - West Flemish: keunn
Old High German: kunnan
- Middle High German: kunnen, künnen
  - Alemannic German: chöne, chönne
    - Swabian: kenna
      - Sathmar Swabian: kenne
  - Central Franconian: kenne, könne, künne
  - East Central German:
    Erzgebirgisch: kènn
    
    Upper Saxon German: gönn
  - German: können
  - Luxembourgish: kënnen
  - Rhine Franconian:
    - Pennsylvania German: kenne
  - Vilamovian: kenna
  - Yiddish: קענען (kenen)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 101: “*kunnan”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 101: “*kunnan”