< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yabïŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Unknown origin. Most of linguistics have been divided to different opinions.

According to Bang-Kaup, the word derived from the unknown hypothetical verb root *yab- and *yam-. And he thinks the word is related to *yablak. The reconstruction of *yam- probably comes from the unknown relationship to *yaman (“bad”) (cf. Turkish yaman). At this point, Proto-Turkic *yaman should be a later form of *yabman, since if it is related to *yabïz and *yablak.

Vámbéry derives the word from the noun roots *yam, yaw and yab; which all they mean foreign, void, vain, bad; and reconstructs as *yabïs. But he doesn't know which suffix has the word equipped.

Räsänen, proposes a derivation from the noun *yabï, *yabu. Which means bad, grabber and greedy. But he doesn't describe which suffix has the word equipped, like Vámbéry.

Clauson derives it as *yab- like Bang-Kaup, but he thinks the word has an additional +‎ *-ïŕ suffix. It seems the suffix *-ïŕ creates a new noun from verbs, as in *söŕ and *tïgïŕ.

Dankoff and Kelly derives it from *yaw which means bad, weak.

Also the evolution is *yab(ï)- > yabïz > yavız according to Nishanyan.

Adjective

*yabïŕ

  1. bad (?)
  • *yablak (“bad”)
  • *yabïnč
  • *yabrïg (“newborn animal or child; child”)
  • *yabral- (“to make mistake”)
  • *yačan- (“to be ashamed, embarrassed”)
  • *yabgan (“unpleasant”)
  • *yaman (“bad, wicked; sickness”) < (If from earlier *yabman)

Descendants
  • Common Turkic: yabïz
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (yavuz)
        • Ottoman Turkish: ياووز (yavuz)
          • Turkish: yavuz (“stern, tough”)
          • Gagauz: yavuz (“brave”)
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: ýowuz
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: یَڤُزْ (yafuz, yawuz)
      • Chagatai: یاووز (yawuz, “bad, vile”)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: яуыз (yawız)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: yavuz (“vicious, savage.”)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: јабыс (ǰabïs, “bad”)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: жауыс (jauys, “vicious”)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰉𐰔 (yabïz)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yavïz)

References
  • Vámbéry, Ármin (1878) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Turko-tatarischen Sprachen, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 108
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 176
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Tekin, T. (1986). Zetacism and Sigmatism: Main Pillars of the Altaic Theory, Central Asiatic Journal, 30, 141-160
  • Dankoff, R. / Kelly, J. (1985). Maḥmūd al-Kāšġarī. Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk). Cambridge.
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yavuz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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