< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tümen

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic
Proto-Turkic numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  1,000 10,000
    Cardinal: *tümen
    Ordinal: *tümeninči
    Distributive: *tümener
    Collective: *tümenegü

Etymology

Uncertain, possibly loaned from Tocharian A tmāṃ or Tocharian B tᵤmāne (“ten thousand”), ultimately from Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH, “myriad”)

Possibly derived from Proto-Turkic *tüm (“all, entirely”).

See also Mongolian түм (tüm, “ten thousand”), Manchu ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (tumen, “ten thousand”).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Adverb

*tümen

  1. A countless number or multitude (of specified things), a myriad

Numeral

*tümen

  1. myriad, ten thousand

Declension
Declension of *tümen
Singular 3)
Nominative *tümen
Accusative *tümenni, *tümenig 4), *tümennig 1)
Genitive *tümenniŋ
Dative *tümenke
Locative *tümente
Ablative *tümenten
Allative *tümengerü
Instrumental 2) *tümenin
Equative 2) *tümenče
Similative 2) *tümenleyü
Comitative 2) *tümenligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Common Turkic: *tümen
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: төмән (tömən)
      • Tatar: төмән (tömän)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: түмен (tümen)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰢𐰤 (tümen)
      • Uyghur: twmʾn (tümen)
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut: түмэн (tümen), түбэн (tüben), үтүмэн (ütümen)
    • South Siberian:
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *tümen[2][3]

References
  1. Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 983, page 632
  2. Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 527
  3. Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 187
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tümen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 507-508
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tümen”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 504
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