< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tüg-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tüg- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *tügmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *tüggen, tügügme, tüger | ||||||
| past | *tügdük, tügmiš | |||||||
| future | *tügdeči, tügmekči, tügsik, tügeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tügme, tügüg, tüggü | |||||||
| way of doing | *tügüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tüger ben | *tüger sen | *tüger | *tüger biz | *tüger siz | *tüger | |
| past | simple | *tügdüm | *tügdüŋ | *tügdi | *tügdük, tügdümüz | *tügdüŋüz | *tügdi | |
| inferential | *tügmiš ben | *tügmiš sen | *tügmiš | *tügmiš biz | *tügmiš siz | *tügmiš | ||
| future | simple | *tügdeči ben, tügmekči ben, tügeček ben | *tügdeči sen, tügmekči sen, tügeček sen | *tügdeči, tügmekči, tügeček | *tügdeči biz, tügmekči biz, tügeček biz | *tügdeči siz, tügmekči siz, tügeček siz | *tügdeči, tügmekči, tügeček | |
| predictive | *tüggey ben | *tüggey sen | *tüggey | *tüggey biz | *tüggey siz | *tüggey | ||
| necessitive | *tügsüküm | *tügsüküŋ | *tügsük | *tügsükümüz | *tügsüküŋüz | *tügsük | ||
| conditional | *tügsem, tügser ben | *tügseŋ, tügser sen | *tügse, tügser | *tügsek, tügsemiz, tügser biz | *tügseŋiz, tügser siz | *tügseler, tügser | ||
| optative | *tüggey ben | *tüggey sen | *tüggey | *tüggey biz | *tüggey siz | *tüggey | ||
| progressive | *tügmekde ben | *tügmekde sen | *tügmekde | *tügmekde biz | *tügmekde siz | *tügmekde | ||
| necessitative | *tügmelig ben | *tügmelig sen | *tügmelig | *tügmelig biz | *tügmelig siz | *tügmelig | ||
| imperative | *tügeyin | *tüg, tüggil | *tügzün | *tügelim | *tügüŋ | *tügzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *tügmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *tügmegen, tügmegme, tügmez | ||||||
| past | *tügmedük, tügmemiš | |||||||
| future | *tügmeči, tügmesik, tügmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tügmeme, tügmeg, tügmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *tügmeyüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tügmez ben | *tügmez sen | *tügmez | *tügmez biz | *tügmez siz | *tügmez | |
| past | simple | *tügmedüm | *tügmedüŋ | *tügmedi | *tügmedük, tügmedümüz | *tügmedüŋüz | *tügmedi | |
| inferential | *tügmemiš ben | *tügmemiš sen | *tügmemiš | *tügmemiš biz | *tügmemiš siz | *tügmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *tügmeči ben, tügmeyeček ben | *tügmeči sen, tügmeyeček sen | *tügmeči, tügmeyeček | *tügmeči biz, tügmeyeček biz | *tügmeči siz, tügmeyeček siz | *tügmeči, tügmeyeček | |
| predictive | *tügmegey ben | *tügmegey sen | *tügmegey | *tügmegey biz | *tügmegey siz | *tügmegey | ||
| necessitive | *tügmesüküm | *tügmesüküŋ | *tügmesük | *tügmesükümüz | *tügmesüküŋüz | *tügmesük | ||
| conditional | *tügmesem, tügmeser ben | *tügmeseŋ, tügmeser sen | *tügmese, tügmeser | *tügmesek, tügmesemiz, tügmeser biz | *tügmeseŋiz, tügmeser siz | *tügmeseler, tügmeser | ||
| optative | *tügmegey ben | *tügmegey sen | *tügmegey | *tügmegey biz | *tügmegey siz | *tügmegey | ||
| progressive | *tügmemekde ben | *tügmemekde sen | *tügmemekde | *tügmemekde biz | *tügmemekde siz | *tügmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *tügmemelig ben | *tügmemelig sen | *tügmemelig | *tügmemelig biz | *tügmemelig siz | *tügmemelig | ||
| imperative | *tügmeyeyin | *tügme, tügmegil | *tügmezün | *tügmeyelim | *tügmeyiŋ | *tügmezün | ||
Derived terms
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tüg-me (“button”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tüg-ün (“knot”)
Descendants
- Oghur:
- ⇒? Chuvash: тӳле (tüle)
- Common Turkic: *tüg-
- Proto-Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: düymək
- Ottoman Turkish:
- Turkish: düğmek
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- East Oghuz:
- Turkmen: düwmek
- West Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tügmēk)
- Uyghur: [script needed] (tügmek)
- Uzbek: tugmoq
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tügmēk)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: төйөу (töyöw)
- West Kipchak:
- Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге (tüyürge)
- Kumyk: тюймек (tüymek)
- South Kipchak:
- Karakalpak: tüyüw
- Kazakh: түйу (tüiu)
- Nogai: туьймек (tüymek)
- East Kipchak
- Southern Altai: тӱйер (tüyer), тӱӱр (tüür)
- North Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰏 (tüg-)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan Turkic:
- Tofa: дүғер (düğer)
- Tuvan: дүйер (düyer)
- Sayan Turkic:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tüg-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 477
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 307
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 503
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*düg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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