< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kele-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
The verb is rather poorly attested within Turkic making it uncertain whether some of the descendants borrowed from Mongolic. The morphology of *kelečü is obscure as there is no deverbal *-čü suffix, compare however *-nčü.[1]
Verb
*kele-
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kele- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *kelemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kelegen, kelegme, keler | ||||||
| past | *keledük, kelemiš | |||||||
| future | *keledeči, kelemekči, kelesik, keleyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *keleme, keleg, kelegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *keleš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *keler ben | *keler sen | *keler | *keler biz | *keler siz | *keler | |
| past | simple | *keledim | *kelediŋ | *keledi | *keledik, keledimiz | *kelediŋiz | *keledi | |
| inferential | *kelemiš ben | *kelemiš sen | *kelemiš | *kelemiš biz | *kelemiš siz | *kelemiš | ||
| future | simple | *keledeči ben, kelemekči ben, keleyeček ben | *keledeči sen, kelemekči sen, keleyeček sen | *keledeči, kelemekči, keleyeček | *keledeči biz, kelemekči biz, keleyeček biz | *keledeči siz, kelemekči siz, keleyeček siz | *keledeči, kelemekči, keleyeček | |
| predictive | *kelegey ben | *kelegey sen | *kelegey | *kelegey biz | *kelegey siz | *kelegey | ||
| necessitive | *kelesikim | *kelesikiŋ | *kelesik | *kelesikimiz | *kelesikiŋiz | *kelesik | ||
| conditional | *kelesem, keleser ben | *keleseŋ, keleser sen | *kelese, keleser | *kelesek, kelesemiz, keleser biz | *keleseŋiz, keleser siz | *keleseler, keleser | ||
| optative | *kelegey ben | *kelegey sen | *kelegey | *kelegey biz | *kelegey siz | *kelegey | ||
| progressive | *kelemekde ben | *kelemekde sen | *kelemekde | *kelemekde biz | *kelemekde siz | *kelemekde | ||
| necessitative | *kelemelig ben | *kelemelig sen | *kelemelig | *kelemelig biz | *kelemelig siz | *kelemelig | ||
| imperative | *keleyeyin | *kele, kelegil | *kelezün | *keleyelim | *keleyiŋ | *kelezün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *kelememek | |||||||
| participle | present | *kelemegen, kelemegme, kelemez | ||||||
| past | *kelemedük, kelememiš | |||||||
| future | *kelemeči, kelemesik, kelemeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *kelememe, kelemeg, kelemegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *kelemeš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *kelemez ben | *kelemez sen | *kelemez | *kelemez biz | *kelemez siz | *kelemez | |
| past | simple | *kelemedim | *kelemediŋ | *kelemedi | *kelemedik, kelemedimiz | *kelemediŋiz | *kelemedi | |
| inferential | *kelememiš ben | *kelememiš sen | *kelememiš | *kelememiš biz | *kelememiš siz | *kelememiš | ||
| future | simple | *kelemeči ben, kelemeyeček ben | *kelemeči sen, kelemeyeček sen | *kelemeči, kelemeyeček | *kelemeči biz, kelemeyeček biz | *kelemeči siz, kelemeyeček siz | *kelemeči, kelemeyeček | |
| predictive | *kelemegey ben | *kelemegey sen | *kelemegey | *kelemegey biz | *kelemegey siz | *kelemegey | ||
| necessitive | *kelemesikim | *kelemesikiŋ | *kelemesik | *kelemesikimiz | *kelemesikiŋiz | *kelemesik | ||
| conditional | *kelemesem, kelemeser ben | *kelemeseŋ, kelemeser sen | *kelemese, kelemeser | *kelemesek, kelemesemiz, kelemeser biz | *kelemeseŋiz, kelemeser siz | *kelemeseler, kelemeser | ||
| optative | *kelemegey ben | *kelemegey sen | *kelemegey | *kelemegey biz | *kelemegey siz | *kelemegey | ||
| progressive | *kelememekde ben | *kelememekde sen | *kelememekde | *kelememekde biz | *kelememekde siz | *kelememekde | ||
| necessitative | *kelememelig ben | *kelememelig sen | *kelememelig | *kelememelig biz | *kelememelig siz | *kelememelig | ||
| imperative | *kelemeyeyin | *keleme, kelemegil | *kelemezün | *kelemeyelim | *kelemeyiŋ | *kelemezün | ||
Derived terms
- ⇒? *kelečü
- ⇒ *kele-ĺč-
Descendants
- Oghuz: [script needed] (keleçü)
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Ottoman Turkish: كلجى
- Turkish: keleci
- Ottoman Turkish: كلجى
- Salar: kelegüsi
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Karluk:
- Uyghur: [script needed] (kele-)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Tatar: кэлеу (kelew)
- → Chuvash: кӗле (kĕle)
- North Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Khakas: [script needed] (kǝle-)
- ⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *kele-n (“tongue”)[2][3]
References
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN
- Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation), Utrecht: LOT, pages 409-410
- Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2016) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 115
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 24
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 716
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 32
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 248
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kele- & *gele-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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