кала

Chuvash

Etymology

Possibly inherited from Proto-Turkic *kele- (“to say”), however such a verb is very poorly attested and it instead may be a borrowing from Mongolic *kelele- (“to speak”).[1][2]

Cognate with Salar kele and Tatar кэлеу (kelew); compare also Mongolian хэлэх (xelex).

Verb

кала • (kala)

  1. (transitive) to say, to tell
  2. (transitive) to recite
  3. (transitive) to deliver (a speech, a toast, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to pronounce
  5. (transitive) to play, perform (on a musical instrument)
  6. (transitive) to smell (of)
  7. (transitive) to be enough (of spices in a dish)

Derived terms

References
  1. Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 214-215
  2. Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “кала”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 85-86

Further reading
  • “кала”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

Macedonian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkaɫa]

Noun

кала • (kala) f

  1. arum

Declension
Declension of кала
singular plural
indefinite кала кали
definite unspecified калата калите
definite proximal калава каливе
definite distal калана калине
vocative кало кали

Russian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈkaɫə]
  • IPA(key): [kɐˈɫorʲɪə] (phonetic respelling: кало́риа)

Noun

ка́ла • (kála) m inan

  1. genitive singular of кал (kal)

Southern Altai

Noun

кала • (kala)

  1. city

References

Čumakajev A. E., editor (2018), “кала”, in Altajsko-russkij slovarʹ [Altaic–Russian Dictionary], Gorno-Altaysk: NII altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova, →ISBN

Tatar

Etymology

From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).

Cognate with Bashkir ҡала (qala), Kazakh қала (qala), Kyrgyz калаa (kalaa, “city, town”), Turkish kale (“fortress”) etc.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [qɑˈlɑ]
  • Hyphenation: ка‧ла

Noun

кала • (qala)

  1. city, town

Declension
Inflection of кала (qala)
singular plural
nominative кала (qala) кала (qala)
genitive кала (qala) кала (qala)
definite accusative кала (qala) кала (qala)
dative кала (qala) кала (qala)
locative кала (qala) кала (qala)
ablative кала (qala) кала (qala)

Derived terms
  • башкала (başkala)

Udi

Etymology

From Tat kələ.

Adjective

кала • (kala)

  1. great, major, big
  2. elder

References
  • Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “кала”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎, Baku: Academy Press, page 131
  • Schulze, Wolfgang (2015) “Aspects of Udi-Iranian Language Contact”, in Uwe Bläsing, Victoria Arakelova and Matthias Weinreich, editors, Studies on Iran and the Caucasus: In honour of Garnik Asatrian, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, page 387 of 373–401
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