Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-de

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*-da
*-ta
*-te

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *-du (“locative and dative suffix”), Proto-Tungusic *-dū (“locative and dative suffix”), Proto-Uralic *-ta (“ablative suffix”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Suffix

*-de

Used to form locative and ablative of nouns.
‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-de → ‎*ebde (“in the house/from the house”)

Usage notes

Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;
‎*ol (“third person singular”) + ‎*-de → ‎*anta (“there”)

Derived terms

*-de-n

Related terms

*-ni (“accusative case”)
*-ka (“dative case”)
*-niŋ (“genitive case”)
*-den (“ablative case”)
*-gerü (“allative case”)
*-če (“equative case”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -те (-te), -ре (-re)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: -də (“ablative suffix”)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-de)
  - Azerbaijani: -də -tə
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـده (-de)
    - Turkish: -de -te
    - Gagauz: -de
- Turkmen: -de
- Salar: -de
Karluk:
- Karakhanid:
  - Chagatai:
    - Uzbek: -da
    - Uyghur: ـدە (-de)
Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: -да (-da), -де (-de), -до (-do), -дө (-dö), -та (-ta), -те (-te), -то (-to), -тө (-tö)
  - Southern Altai: -де (-de)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: дә (də), тә (tə)
  - Tatar: дә (dä), тә (tä)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: -де (-de), -те (-te)
  - Karakalpak: -de, -te
  - Nogai: -де (-de)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: -de
  - Kumyk: -де (-de)
  - Karachay-Balkar: -де (-de)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰀- (-te, “locative and ablative suffix”)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: -тэ (-te), -тө (-tö), -нэ (-ne), -нө (-nö) (only in pronouns)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: -де (-de), -те (-te)

References

Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dA”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 173
Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 105

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