< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-miĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic
preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U E / I / Ö / Ü
*-mïĺ *-miĺ

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-mel (“suffix forming resultive nouns from verbs”).

Suffix

*-miĺ

  1. Forms past tense, heard, unseen, unexperienced or otherwise unclear to the speaker.
    ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-miĺ → ‎*sebmiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) she/he/it loved.”)
  2. Forms the perfect participle of a verb.
    ‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-miĺ → ‎*ölmiĺ (“dead”)

Usage notes

Non-verbs cannot directly take past tenses. The verb Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be (aux.)”) takes the past tense suffix and with it the meaning of the past tense is provided. For example; ‎*eb er- (“house + to be”) + ‎*-miĺ → ‎*eb ermiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) it was a house.”).

Derived terms
Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-miĺ
  • *-ti (past tense seen or clear)
  • *-gan (verbal adjective)

Descendants

Some of these may indicate that this suffix only survive in forms of *er- (“to be”).

  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj: [script needed] (-miş)
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Uzbek: emish
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: имеш (imeş)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: эмиш (emiš)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰢𐱁 (-miš)
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut: -бит (-bit), -быт (-bıt), -бут (-but), -бүт (-büt), -пит (-pit), -пыт (-pıt), -пут (-put), -пүт (-püt)

References
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+mIş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 179 and 192
  • Erdal, Marcel (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 293
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