< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ček-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Verb
*ček-
Conjugation
Conjugation of *ček- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *čekmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *čekgen, čekigme, čeker | ||||||
| past | *čekdük, čekmiš | |||||||
| future | *čekdeči, čekmekči, čeksik, čekeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *čekme, čekig, čekgü | |||||||
| way of doing | *čekiš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *čeker ben | *čeker sen | *čeker | *čeker biz | *čeker siz | *čeker | |
| past | simple | *čekdim | *čekdiŋ | *čekdi | *čekdik, čekdimiz | *čekdiŋiz | *čekdi | |
| inferential | *čekmiš ben | *čekmiš sen | *čekmiš | *čekmiš biz | *čekmiš siz | *čekmiš | ||
| future | simple | *čekdeči ben, čekmekči ben, čekeček ben | *čekdeči sen, čekmekči sen, čekeček sen | *čekdeči, čekmekči, čekeček | *čekdeči biz, čekmekči biz, čekeček biz | *čekdeči siz, čekmekči siz, čekeček siz | *čekdeči, čekmekči, čekeček | |
| predictive | *čekgey ben | *čekgey sen | *čekgey | *čekgey biz | *čekgey siz | *čekgey | ||
| necessitive | *čeksikim | *čeksikiŋ | *čeksik | *čeksikimiz | *čeksikiŋiz | *čeksik | ||
| conditional | *čeksem, čekser ben | *čekseŋ, čekser sen | *čekse, čekser | *čeksek, čeksemiz, čekser biz | *čekseŋiz, čekser siz | *čekseler, čekser | ||
| optative | *čekgey ben | *čekgey sen | *čekgey | *čekgey biz | *čekgey siz | *čekgey | ||
| progressive | *čekmekde ben | *čekmekde sen | *čekmekde | *čekmekde biz | *čekmekde siz | *čekmekde | ||
| necessitative | *čekmelig ben | *čekmelig sen | *čekmelig | *čekmelig biz | *čekmelig siz | *čekmelig | ||
| imperative | *čekeyin | *ček, čekgil | *čekzün | *čekelim | *čekiŋ | *čekzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *čekmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *čekmegen, čekmegme, čekmez | ||||||
| past | *čekmedük, čekmemiš | |||||||
| future | *čekmeči, čekmesik, čekmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *čekmeme, čekmeg, čekmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *čekmeyiš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *čekmez ben | *čekmez sen | *čekmez | *čekmez biz | *čekmez siz | *čekmez | |
| past | simple | *čekmedim | *čekmediŋ | *čekmedi | *čekmedik, čekmedimiz | *čekmediŋiz | *čekmedi | |
| inferential | *čekmemiš ben | *čekmemiš sen | *čekmemiš | *čekmemiš biz | *čekmemiš siz | *čekmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *čekmeči ben, čekmeyeček ben | *čekmeči sen, čekmeyeček sen | *čekmeči, čekmeyeček | *čekmeči biz, čekmeyeček biz | *čekmeči siz, čekmeyeček siz | *čekmeči, čekmeyeček | |
| predictive | *čekmegey ben | *čekmegey sen | *čekmegey | *čekmegey biz | *čekmegey siz | *čekmegey | ||
| necessitive | *čekmesikim | *čekmesikiŋ | *čekmesik | *čekmesikimiz | *čekmesikiŋiz | *čekmesik | ||
| conditional | *čekmesem, čekmeser ben | *čekmeseŋ, čekmeser sen | *čekmese, čekmeser | *čekmesek, čekmesemiz, čekmeser biz | *čekmeseŋiz, čekmeser siz | *čekmeseler, čekmeser | ||
| optative | *čekmegey ben | *čekmegey sen | *čekmegey | *čekmegey biz | *čekmegey siz | *čekmegey | ||
| progressive | *čekmemekde ben | *čekmemekde sen | *čekmemekde | *čekmemekde biz | *čekmemekde siz | *čekmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *čekmemelig ben | *čekmemelig sen | *čekmemelig | *čekmemelig biz | *čekmemelig siz | *čekmemelig | ||
| imperative | *čekmeyeyin | *čekme, čekmegil | *čekmezün | *čekmeyelim | *čekmeyiŋ | *čekmezün | ||
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫак (śak, “to hang”)
- Common Turkic:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: çəkmək
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Caspian:
- Kazakh: шегу (şegu)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: чегүү (cegüü)
- Caspian:
- South Kipchak:
References
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 21
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 413
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çekmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 102
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