< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain, formally identical to the root of Proto-Slavic *nazola (“anguish, spite”), *zoliti (“to irritate”), which seem akin to Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”), Latvian zàlba (“damage, wound, scar”)[1] and Proto-Germanic *gallō (“gall, poison”). Both Derksen (explicitly) and Vasmer (implicitly) relate these terms with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine, to sprout (for vegetation)”), adding as a cognate Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Alternatively, possibly related to Ancient Greek γελῶ (gelô, “glimmer”), Ancient Greek γαλήνος (galḗnos, “still, calm, serene”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelH-.

Georgiev also considers connection with Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jvalati, “to blaze”) which however are from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to shine”) - formally incompatible with (proper) Proto-Slavic *zola.

Noun

*zolà f[2]

  1. muddy, murky water
  2. ashes
    Synonym: *pepelъ

Inflection
Declension of *zolà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *zolà *zȍlě *zȍly
genitive *zolý *zolù *zòlъ
dative *zolě̀ *zolàma *zolàmъ
accusative *zȍlǫ *zȍlě *zȍly
instrumental *zolojǫ́ *zolàma *zolàmi
locative *zȍlě *zolù *zolàsъ, *zolàxъ*
vocative *zolo *zȍlě *zȍly
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms
  • *zolavъ (“murky”)
  • *zelenъ (“green”) (possibly)
  • *zolto (“gold”) (possibly)
  • *zolkъ (“young, green vegetation”) (possibly)
  • *zoliti (“to irritate”) (possibly)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: зала́ (zalá)
    • Russian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)
    • Ukrainian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: зола (zola)
      • → Romanian: zoale (“dirt”)
    • Bulgarian: зола́ (zolá) (dated)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: zola
    • Old Polish: zoła
    • Slovak: zola
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: zoła
      • Upper Sorbian: zoło
  • → Romanian: zoaie (“dishwater, hogwash”) (possibly)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зола”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зола”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 652

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “žala”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “zola zoly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ashes (NA 85, 141; SA 24; PR 138)”
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