< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zajьvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *zaj- + *-ьvъ.[1] Further from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źāˀj-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂ōy-, from *ǵʰeh₂-.[2][3] An isolated Ukrainian formation, but it is of PIE origin. Perhaps the closest cognate is Ukrainian зойк (zojk, “scream; moan”) and зя́яти (zjájaty), зія́ти (zijáty, “to gape, to be wide open”). Per Melnychuk, of unknown origin.[4]
Declension
Indefinite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьva | *zàjьvo |
| genitive | *zàjьva | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| dative | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvu |
| accusative | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvǫ | *zàjьvo |
| instrumental | *zàjьvomь | *zàjьvojǫ | *zàjьvomь |
| locative | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| vocative | *zàjьve | *zàjьvo | *zàjьvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| genitive | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu |
| dative | *zàjьvoma | *zàjьvama | *zàjьvoma |
| accusative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| instrumental | *zàjьvoma | *zàjьvama | *zàjьvoma |
| locative | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu | *zàjьvu |
| vocative | *zàjьva | *zàjьvě | *zàjьvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *zàjьvi | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| genitive | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvъ | *zàjьvъ |
| dative | *zàjьvomъ | *zàjьvamъ | *zàjьvomъ |
| accusative | *zàjьvy | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
| instrumental | *zàjьvy | *zàjьvami | *zàjьvy |
| locative | *zàjьvěxъ | *zàjьvaxъ | *zàjьvěxъ |
| vocative | *zàjьvi | *zàjьvy | *zàjьva |
Definite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvoje |
| genitive | *zàjьvajego | *zàjьvyję̇ | *zàjьvajego |
| dative | *zàjьvujemu | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvujemu |
| accusative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvǫjǫ | *zàjьvoje |
| instrumental | *zàjьvyjimь | *zàjьvǫjǫ | *zàjьvyjimь |
| locative | *zàjьvějemь | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvějemь |
| vocative | *zàjьvъjь | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| genitive | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju |
| dative | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima |
| accusative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| instrumental | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima | *zàjьvyjima |
| locative | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju | *zàjьvuju |
| vocative | *zàjьvaja | *zàjьvěji | *zàjьvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *zàjьviji | *zàjьvyję̇ | *zàjьvaja |
| genitive | *zàjьvъjixъ | *zàjьvъjixъ | *zàjьvъjixъ |
| dative | *zàjьvyjimъ | *zàjьvyjimъ | *zàjьvyjimъ |
| accusative | *zàjьvyję̇ | *zàjьvyję̇ | *zàjьvaja |
| instrumental | *zàjьvyjimi | *zàjьvyjimi | *zàjьvyjimi |
| locative | *zàjьvyjixъ | *zàjьvyjixъ | *zàjьvyjixъ |
| vocative | *zàjьviji | *zàjьvyję̇ | *zàjьvaja |
Related terms
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₂- (0 c, 13 e)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *заивъ (*zaivŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: *за́йвый (*zájvyj)
- Ukrainian: за́йвий (zájvyj)
- → Russian: за́ивый (záivyj), за́евый (zájevyj) (Kursk, Voronezh dialects)
- ⇒ Russian: зайви́ч (zajvíč) (Voronezh dialects)
- → Russian: за́ивый (záivyj), за́евый (zájevyj) (Kursk, Voronezh dialects)
- Ukrainian: за́йвий (zájvyj)
- Old Ruthenian: *за́йвый (*zájvyj)
- Old East Slavic: *заивъ (*zaivŭ)
References
- Shevelov, George Y. (2002) Vakulenko S., Danylenko A., transl., Історична фонологія української мови [A Historical Phonology of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kharkiv: Acta, →ISBN, page 326: “*zaj-ьv-ъ ― *zaj-ʹv-”
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “за́йвий”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 426
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑hē-, g̑hēi-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 418
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “за́йви́й”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 225
Further reading
- Anikin, A. E. (2023) “за́ивый”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 17 (жихарь I – засьюндывать), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 219
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