< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xodъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology
  • Accent paradigm c:

According to Rick Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *sodós, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “way”).

Sergei Nikolaev believes that the comparison is “tempting, but unfounded phonetically,” which does not contradict the analogy in any way: The form has initial *x by analogy with derived words beginning with the prefixes *per-, *pri-, *u-, in which *s shifted to *x by the ruki sound law. But contradicts the Winter’s law.

According to Vladimir Dybo, the form is borrowed from Iranian (Dybo 2002: 479).

Frederik Kortlandt believes that the hypothesis of borrowing from Iranian is “semantically implausible” and the form goes back to *xodìti (Kortlandt 2007: 1). However, according to Nikolaev, it is accentologically implausible. According to ESSJa, reverse derivation is impossible, which supports the accentological argument.

  • Accent paradigm b:

Some dialect groups make it possible to reconstruct the semantic-accentuation pair: *xȍdъ, gen. *xȍda and *xòdъ, gen. *xodà. For example, this semantic-accentuation pair is represented in the Posozhko-Pripyat dialect: xod, gen. xódu, instr. xódom ~ xod, gen. xodá, instr. xodóm. Most other dialects usually retain one variant of the semantic-accentuation pair.

According to Nikolaev, the form is a secondary deverbative of *xodìti (Nikolaev 2012: 98).

Noun

*xȍdъ or *xòdъ m[1]

  1. motion, movement (towards an accent paradigm c)
  2. passage, place of moving forward (towards an accent paradigm b)

Inflection
Declension of *xȍdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *xȍdъ *xȍda *xȍdi
genitive *xȍda *xodù *xòdъ
dative *xȍdu *xodomà *xodòmъ
accusative *xȍdъ *xȍda *xȍdy
instrumental *xȍdъmь, *xȍdomь* *xodomà *xodý
locative *xȍdě *xodù *xodě̃xъ
vocative *xode *xȍda *xȍdi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *xòdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *xòdъ *xodà *xodì
genitive *xodà *xodù *xòdъ
dative *xodù *xodòma *xodòmъ
accusative *xòdъ *xodà *xodỳ
instrumental *xodъ̀mь, *xodòmь* *xodòma *xòdy
locative *xodě̀ *xodù *xòděxъ
vocative *xode *xodà *xodì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *xodakъ
  • *xodatati (“to mediate, to transmit”)
    • *xodatajь (“solicitor”)
  • *xodidlo
  • *Xodislavъ
  • *xoditi (“to go, walk”)
  • *Xodivojь
  • *xoďь, *xoďa
  • *xoďajь
  • *xoďane
  • *xoďenьje (“walking”)
  • *xodota
  • *xoduľa
  • *xodunъ
  • *xodyka
  • *xodyni
  • *xodьba (“walking, pacing”)
  • *xodьcь
  • *xodьnъ
  • *vъzxodъ
  • *zaxodъ
  • *naxodъ
  • *prixodъ
  • *otъxodъ
  • *šь̀dlъ

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ходъ (xodŭ), хода (xoda)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: ходъ (xodŭ)
    • Bulgarian: ход (hod)
    • Macedonian: од (od)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: хо̑д
      Latin script: hȏd
      (Sali): xọ̑d
      (Susak): xu̯ȏt
    • Old Slovene: hod
      • Slovene: hȍd (tonal orthography)
        (Črni Vrh village): xȗət
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xodъ /*xoda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ход”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȏdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 203
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