< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvarogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably related to *tvoriti, Old Church Slavonic творъ (tvorŭ, “form”), Russian утво́р (utvór, “leaven, ferment”), Czech tvořidlo (“container for cheesemaking”). Morphologically *tvar- +‎ *-ogъ. For meaning compare French fromage, Italian formaggio.

Unlikely to be from a Turkic language (compare Chagatai [script needed] (turak, “cheese”)).[1]

Noun

*tvarogъ m

  1. quark (soft creamy cheese)

Inflection
Declension of *tvarogъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *tvarogъ *tvaroga *tvarodzi
genitive *tvaroga *tvarogu *tvarogъ
dative *tvarogu *tvarogoma *tvarogomъ
accusative *tvarogъ *tvaroga *tvarogy
instrumental *tvarogъmь, *tvarogomь* *tvarogoma *tvarogy
locative *tvarodzě *tvarogu *tvarodzěxъ
vocative *tvarože *tvaroga *tvarodzi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: тваро́г (tvaróh); тво́раг (tvórah), тво́рах (tvórax), творо́г (tvoróh), творі́х (tvoríx), твору́г (tvorúh) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Belarusian: атваро́г (atvaróh), отворо́г (otvoróh) (dialectal)
    • Russian: творо́г (tvoróg), тваро́г (tvaróg), тво́рог (tvórog)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: тварі́г (tvaríh)
    • Ukrainian: тва́рог (tvároh),[2] творі́г (tvoríh), творо́г (tvoróh), твору́г (tvorúh) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: отворо́г (otvoróh) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: тварогъ (tvarogŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱁⰳⱏ (tvarogŭ)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • “Quark” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • The template Template:R:be:ESBM does not use the parameter(s): 
    url=tvaroh
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “тваро́г”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “тва́рог”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 530
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “творог”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “творог”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 231
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “творог”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  1. Die slavischen Sprachen / The Slavic Languages, volume 2 (2014, →ISBN)
  2. Zhelekhivskyi, E. I., Nedilskyi, S., editors (1886), “тва́рог”, in Малоруско-нїмецкий словар [Ukrainian-German Dictionary]‎ (in German), volumes 2: П – Я, Lviv: Shevchenko Society, page 952
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