Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plemę

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Proposed etymologies include:

From the root of *pl̥Hmeh₂ - hand, part of all collective.
From the root of Proto-Slavic *plodъ (“fruit”) + *-mę. Probably akin to Latin plēbs.
From *plesti (“to entwine, to plait”) +‎ *-mę.

Accentological notes

In the Old Bulgarian monuments, the stress shifted to the right onto a short syllable only if it was followed by a long syllable—nom.-acc.sg. плє́мѧ, gen.sg. плє́мєнє (4×), dat.sg. плє́мєноу, dat.pl. плє́мєнємь (2×), ins.pl. плє́мєн'ми, loc.pl. плє́мєнєxъ (2×, -ѡxь) vs. nom.-acc.pl. плємє́на, gen.pl. плємє́нь (3×), but gen.pl. плє́мєн| (2×).

Noun

*plemę̀ n[1][2]

tribe

Declension

Declension of *plemę̀ (n-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*plemę̀	*plemèni	*plemènā
genitive	*plemène	*plemènu	*plemènъ
dative	*plemèni	*plemènьma	*plemènьmъ
accusative	*plemę̀	*plemèni	*plemènā
instrumental	*plemènьmь	*plemènьma	*plemènȳ
locative	*plemène	*plemènu	*plemènьxъ
vocative	*plemę̀	*plemèni	*plemènā

Derived terms

adjectives

*plemenьnъ (“to tribal”)

nouns

*plemenьnikъ m (“relative, cousin”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: племѧ (plemę)
  - Belarusian: пле́мя (pljémja)
  - Russian: пле́мя (plémja)
  - Ukrainian: пле́м'я (plémʺja)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: племѧ (plemę)
- Bulgarian: пле́ме (pléme)
- Macedonian: племе (pleme)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: пле̏ме
  
  Latin script: plȅme
- Slovene: pléme
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: plémě
  - Czech: plemeno
    - Moravian (Mistřice): plemeno
- Polish: plemię
- Silesian: plymiã
- Slovak: plemeno (with paradigm leveling)

References

Snoj, Marko (2016) Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *plemę̋, rod. *plemène”
Olander, Thomas (2001) “plemę plemene”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b i N: a stamme (SA 199; PR 134)”

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[1] Snoj, Marko (2016) Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *plemę̋, rod. *plemène”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “plemę plemene”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b i N: a stamme (SA 199; PR 134)”