Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lyžьka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier *lъga (“bending”) +‎ *-ъka, reanalyzed to have a soft -ž- under the influence of *lъžica. For comparison, consider *vidlъka (“fork”) and *vidlica (“id”).

Noun

*lyžьka f

spoon

Inflection

Declension of *lyžьka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lyžьka	*lyžьcě	*lyžьky
genitive	*lyžьky	*lyžьku	*lyžьkъ
dative	*lyžьcě	*lyžьkama	*lyžьkamъ
accusative	*lyžьkǫ	*lyžьcě	*lyžьky
instrumental	lyžьkojǫ, lyžьkǫ^**	*lyžьkama	*lyžьkami
locative	*lyžьcě	*lyžьku	lyžьkasъ, lyžьkaxъ^*
vocative	*lyžьko	*lyžьcě	*lyžьky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: лъ́жька (lŭ́žĭka), ло́жька (lóžĭka)
  - Old Ruthenian: ло́жка (lóžka)
    - Belarusian: лы́жка (lýžka)
    - Ukrainian: ло́жка (lóžka)
  - Russian: ло́жка (lóžka)
    - Russian: ло́жечка (lóžečka, “teaspoon”)
  - → Finnish: lusikka
  - → Estonian: lusikas
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: лижка
  
  Latin script: ližka
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: łëżka
- Old Polish: łyżka
  - Polish: łyżka
  - Silesian: łyżka, łeżka
- Slovak: lyžička (“teaspoon”)

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lyžьka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 17 (*lъžь – *matješьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 62
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ложка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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