< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lopata

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *lopъ (“leaf”) +‎ *-ata. Cognate with Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”).

Noun

*lopàta f[1]

  1. shovel, spade

Declension
Declension of *lopàta (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *lopàta *lopàtě *lopàty
genitive *lopàty *lopàtu *lopàtъ
dative *lopàtě *lopàtama *lopàtamъ
accusative *lopàtǫ *lopàtě *lopàty
instrumental *lopàtojǫ, *lopàtǭ** *lopàtama *lopàtamī
locative *lopàtě *lopàtu *lopàtasъ, *lopàtaxъ*
vocative *lopàto *lopàtě *lopàty
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • *lopatarjь
  • *lopatastъ
  • *lopatati
  • *lopatica
  • *lopatina
  • *lopatinъ
  • *lopatistъjь
  • *lopatišče
  • *lopatiti
  • *lopatonogъjь
  • *lopatovъ
  • *lopatъka
  • *lopatъkъ
  • *lopatь
  • *lopatьcь
  • *lopatьnъ
  • *lopatьnjь
  • *lopatьskъjь

Descendants
  • → Albanian: lopatë
  • → Aromanian: lupatã
  • → Hungarian: lapát
  • → Romanian: lopată
  • → Early Proto-Slavic or Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapātā > Early Proto-Finnic: *lapita → Proto-Finnic: *lapida, *lapido

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lopata”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 39
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “лопата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • “lopeta”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*lopàta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 285: “f. ā ‘spade, shovel’”
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